13 research outputs found

    Capacidade fotossintética de genótipos de amendoim em ambiente natural e controlado Photosynthetic capacity of peanut genotypes under natural and controlled environment

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    A capacidade fotossintética das cultivares de amendoim rasteiro (Arachis hypogaea L.) IAC-Caiapó e Runner IAC-886 foi avaliada sob condição controlada, em plantas cultivadas em vasos, mantidos em casa de vegetação, e sob condição natural, em plantas irrigadas, cultivadas em tanques de alvenaria. A resposta da taxa de assimilação líquida de CO2 (A) em decorrência da densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos (DFFF) foi melhor em condição controlada, mas, nas duas condições, a mesma A máxima de ca. 28 µmol m-2 s-1 foi atingida. Em condição controlada, a saturação lumínica ocorreu próximo a 1.000 µmol m-2 s-1 , ao passo que sob condição natural, ocorreu em DFFF maiores. A temperatura foliar entre 23 e 36&deg;C não afetou A. A diferença de pressão de vapor entre a folha e o ar causou o fechamento parcial dos estômatos, diminuindo A, quando acima de 3,0 kPa. As capacidades fotossintéticas das duas cultivares de amendoim foram iguais. Ambas cultivares apresentaram boa adaptação às variações diárias do ambiente, ocorridas durante o verão, apresentando fotoinibição dinâmica da fotossíntese no início da tarde (13-14h), manifestada pela queda reversível da eficiência quântica máxima (Fv/Fm) do fotossistema II.<br>Photosynthetic capacity of runner peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) cv. IAC-Caiapó and cv. Runner IAC-886 was evaluated under controlled condition, in plants grown on pots maintained in a greenhouse, and in irrigated plants grown on soil-filled tanks made of concrete, and exposed to natural ambient condition. CO2 net assimilation rate (A) response in relation to photosynthetic photon flux density (DFFF) was better in controlled condition, but in both conditions the same maximum A of ca. 28 µmol m-2 s-1 was reached. Under controlled condition, light saturation was about 1,000 µmol m-2 s-1 , although under natural condition, saturation occurred at higher DFFF. Leaf temperature between 23 and 36&deg;C did not affect A, and leaf to air vapor pressure difference caused partial stomatal closing, decreasing A, when above 3.0 kPa. Photosynthetic capacities of the two cultivars were similar. Both cultivars showed good adaptation to daily changes of environmental conditions that occur during summer, showing dynamic photoinhibition of photosynthesis in the beginning of the afternoon (13-14h), as revealed by a reversible decrease in the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II

    Tolerance to water deficiency between two soybean cultivars: transgenic versus conventional Tolerância à deficiência hídrica entre dois cultivares de soja: transgênico versus convencional

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    The main goal of the study was to evaluate the effects on the development and physiological aspects of soybean plants grown under water deficiency at greenhouse conditions, comparing the levels of tolerance to water deficiency between one transgenic and one conventional cultivar, enabling a systematic way to carried out physiological comparisons between soybean cultivars under drought. The study was divided into completely randomized using a factorial 2&times;2 design, with five replicates. The experimental design included two replenishment levels of daily irrigation (100% and 40%), applied to the leaves during the V4 developmental stage (fourth trifoliate fully expanded) and two cultivars, 'CD 202' conventional and 'CD 226RR' transgenic. The results showed that both cultivars had similar effects, caused by water deficiency, on dry mass production, but the transgenic cultivar tended to maintain higher biomass allocation in pods, as well as, higher efficiency of leaves to support dry mass production than conventional cultivar in both water conditions. Moreover, the higher maximum CO2 assimilation values and lower membranes damages in the transgenic cultivar under water deficiency showed that the expected higher drought tolerance of the conventional cultivar was not supported by a more accurate physiological investigation.<br>O principal objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento e aspectos fisiológicos de plantas de soja cultivadas sob deficiência hídrica em condições de casa de vegetação, comparando os níveis de tolerância à deficiência de água entre um cultivar transgênico e um convencional, gerando uma forma sistemática de realizar comparações fisiológicas entre cultivares de soja sob déficit hídrico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2&times;2, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos hídricos foram dois níveis de reposição de irrigação diária (100% e 40%), aplicados a partir do estádio V4 (quarto trifólio completamente expandido), em dois cultivares ('CD 202' convencional e 'CD 226RR' transgênico). Os resultados evidenciaram que ambos os cultivares tiveram as mesmas respostas na produção de massa seca, mas o cultivar transgênico tendeu a manter maior alocação de biomassa em vagens, assim como maior eficiência da área foliar para a produção de massa seca em ambas as condições de irrigação. Além disso, os maiores valores de assimilação máxima de CO2 e menores danos às membranas no cultivar transgênico, sob deficiência hídrica, mostraram que a maior tolerância à seca esperada do cultivar convencional não foi apoiada por uma investigação fisiológica mais acurada

    Gas exchanges in peach palms as a function of the spad chlorophyll meter readings

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    The close relationship between the chlorophyll-meters readings and the total chlorophyll and nitrogen contents in leaves, has allowed their evaluation both in annual and perennial species. Besides, some physiological events such as the CO2 assimilation have also been estimated by chlorophyll meters. This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the gas exchanges of peach palms as a function of the chlorophyll SPAD-Meter readings. Three year-old peach palms from Yurimaguas, Peru were studied in Ubatuba, SP, Brazil, spaced 2 x 1 m in area under a natural gradient of organic matter which allowed four plots to be considered, according to the peach palms leaves colors, from light yellow to dark green. The SPAD readings and the stomatal frequency of leaflets were evaluated. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, μmol m-2 s-1), the leaf temperature (Tleaf, ºC), the CO2 assimilation (A, μmol m-2 s-1), the stomatal conductance (g s, mol m-2 s-1), the transpiration (E, mmol m-2 s-1) and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, μmol mol-1) were evaluated with a portable infrared gas analyzer (LCA-4, ADC BioScientific Ltd., Great Amwell, U.K.). A linear increase in the CO2 assimilation as a function of the SPAD readings (y = -0.34 + 0.19x, R² = 0.99), indicates that they can be a rapid and cheap complementary method to evaluate in peach palms some important physiological events, such as CO2 assimilation
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