A rare pediatric renal tumor: classic congenital mesoblastic nephroma: two cases and review of literature

Background Mesoblastic nephroma (Boland’s tumor) is the most common benign renal tumor occurring in infants and neonates. The most common presentation is abdominal mass, but it can have varied presentations because of associated paraneoplastic syndromes. Majority of these tumors can be cured with surgical excision alone; however, long-term follow-up is required for recurrence or metastasis. Histopathologically, it is divided into two subtypes: classic and cellular. The less common cellular congenital mesoblastic nephromas have cellular elements in them and tend to have a more malignant potential.Patients and methods Two patients were studied over a period of 2 years from June 2010 to June 2012.Results By reporting two patients presenting in the infantile period with classic congenital mesoblastic nephromas, an attempt is made in this paper to characterize the clinical behavior of this variety of renal tumors. Hypertension and paraneoplastic syndromes can be associated with this tumor. Herein we compare our experience with other similar cases reported in the literature.Conclusion When renal tumors occur in infancy or at neonatal age, mesoblastic nephroma should be kept in mind. Association of hypertension and paraneoplastic syndromes should be looked for. Surgery is usually curative and postoperative follow-up for recurrence is required, more so in cellular variety

Foregut duplication cyst presenting as lingual swelling: Case report and review of literature

Congenital lingual cystic masses are challenging entities that can be detected prenatally or are discovered in various forms after birth. Foregut duplication cyst of tongue is an extremely rare condition. Here we present the eleventh case in literature on foregut duplication cyst in tongue lined with gastric mucosa. Complete excision was curative with no recurrence on followup

Cloaca with duplicated phallus – A case report

A child born with atypical genitalia constitutes a medico-social emergency, a multidisciplinary team constituting a pediatric endocrinologist, pediatric surgeon and a psychologist has to be convened. A newborn with abnormal genitalia, referred for sex assignment and further management soon after birth. Baby had atypical genitalia and absent anal opening not fitting into any type of the described Disorders Sexual Develpoment or Anorectal malformation. Child had cloaca and in addition there was male looking phallus with hemiscrotum like structure without gonads

Adrenal masses associated with Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome in the newborn

Adrenal cystic lesions are rare and may be associated with both complete and incomplete Beckwith syndrome (BWS). Because the adrenal gland often houses malignant lesions, differentiation between benign and malignant lesions of the gland, although usually difficult, is very necessary from the point of view of management. Here we present our experience in a case of incomplete BWS with adrenal cystic lesion and review of the literature

Isolated prostatic utricle

Complete excision of a prostatic utricle through posterior sagittal rectum retracting approach is reported in an infant

Corneal stress-strain index in myopic Indian population

AIM: The purpose is to study the corneal stress-strain index (SSI) in myopic refractive error among Indian subjects. METHODS: A retrospective study where young myopic subjects aged between 11 and 35 years who had undergone corneal biomechanics assessment using Corvis ST between January 2017 and December 2021 were enrolled. Subjects with central corneal thickness (CCT) 21 mmHg, history of any systemic and ocular disease or any previous ocular surgery, high astigmatism, corneal disease such as keratoconus were excluded. Subjects with missing data or having poor quality scan were excluded. Corneal biomechanical properties and corneal SSI were assessed using Corvis ST. For statistical purposes, eyes were divided into four different groups and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Nine hundred and sixty-six myopic eyes with mean ± standard deviation age, IOP, and CCT of 26.89 ± 4.92 years, 16.94 ± 2.00 mmHg, and 540.18 ± 25.23 microns, respectively, were included. There were 311, 388, 172, and 95 eyes that were low, moderate, severe, and extreme myopic. Deformation amplitude ratio at 1 mm and 2 mm were similar across different myopic groups. A significant increase in max inverse radius, ambrosia relational thickness, biomechanically corrected IOP, integrated radius was noted with an increase in myopic refractive error. Corvis biomechanical index, corneal SSI was found to be decreased significantly with an increase in myopic refractive error. We noted a significant positive association between myopic refractive error and SSI (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Corneal SSI was found to be reduced in extreme myopic eyes

Age-related variations in corneal stress-strain index in the Indian population

Purpose: To report age-related variations in corneal stress–strain index (SSI) in healthy Indians. Methods: It was a retrospective study where healthy Indian individuals aged between 11 and 70 years who had undergone corneal biomechanics assessment using Corvis ST between January 2017 and December 2021 were enrolled. Composite corneal biomechanical parameters and corneal SSI were abstracted from Corvis ST and compared across different age groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Also, Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the association between age and SSI. Results: Nine hundred and thirty-six eyes of 936 patients with ages between 11 and 77 years with mean ± SD intraocular pressure (IOP) and pachymetry of 16.52 ± 2.10 mmHg and 541.13 ± 26.39 μs, respectively. Composite corneal biomechanical parameters such as deformation amplitude ratio max at 1 mm (P < 0.001) and 2 mm (P < 0.001), biomechanically corrected IOP (P = 0.004), stiffness parameter at A1 (P < 0.001, Corvis biomechanical index (P < 0.018), and SSI (P < 0.001) were found to be significantly different as a function of age group. We noted a statistically significant positive association of SSI with age (P < 0.001), spherical equivalent refractive error (P < 0.001), and IOP (P < 0.001) and a significant negative association with anterior corneal astigmatism (P < 0.001) and Anterior chamber depth (ACD) (P < 0.001). Also, SSI was positively associated with SPA1 and bIOP, whereas negatively associated with integrated radius, max inverse radius, and Max Deformation amplitude (DA) ratio at 1 mm and 2 mm. Conclusion: We noted a positive association of corneal SSI with age in normal healthy Indian eyes. This information could be helpful for future corneal biomechanical research

Ossifying renal tumor of infancy-a case report

Introduction: An extremely rare pediatric renal tumor, ossifying renal tumor of infancy (ORTI) usually presents in male infants with intermittent episodes of painless gross hematuria. The tumor is benign and surgically treatable. Imaging typically shows a preserved renal outline with a calcified intrapelvic mass. Microscopically, these lesion shows varying components of osteoid, osteoblastic cells, and spindle cells. However, the etiology is unclear. Surgical excision is curative and recurrence or malignant disease is unheard of.We report a case of ORTI and review the literature to assess the clinicopathological features of this unusual neoplasm. Case presentation: A 5-month-old boy was admitted with isolated gross hematuria. Ultrasound showed a well-defined solid mass in the lower pole of right kidney that was heterogenous on CT (Computed Tomography) but without calcifications. Nephrectomy was done and histopathology showed an ossified core surrounded by a spindle cell component confirming the diagnosis of an ORTI. Conclusion: ORTI is a rare benign pediatric renal tumor with some typical clinical, radiological and pathological features. A male infant with painless intermittent macroscopic hematuria with an endophytic calcified renal mass involving the calyceal system, points towards an ORTI as the possible diagnosis