Brain Weight (A), Body Weight (B), and Organ Weights (C), (D), and (E) at five weeks after hypoxia ischemia.

<p><b>(A)</b> A significant loss of right-to-left hemispheric (RH: LH) weight ratio was evident after hypoxia ischemia. Although a slight preservation of the injured hemisphere was observed grossly in the delayed remote ischemic postconditioning (dRIPC) treatment groups, there was no significant improvement or worsening of brain weights in both one day and three day treatment groups. Representative pictures of brain samples shown. <b>(B)</b> All treated and non-treated groups had a significant loss in body weight compared to sham. dRIPC did not aggravate weight loss. <b>(C)</b> Lung, <b>(D)</b> Liver, and <b>(E)</b> Spleen, the organ: body weight ratios, showed no significant difference between the groups. dRIPC did not adversely affect organ: body weight ratios. The treatment groups showed a slight decrease in pulmonary haemorrhage <b>(C)</b>. Representative pictures of lung samples shown. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. #<i>p</i><0.05 compared with sham. <i>p</i> = 0.98 vs. RIPC groups and HI in <b>(B)</b>.</p

Neurobehavioral tests for sensory motor function at five weeks after hypoxia ischemia.

<p>All animals in hypoxia ischemia (HI) group exhibited significant sensory motor impairment. The three day delayed remote ischemic postconditioning treatment group showed a trend to decrease the number of left foot faults after HI <b>(A)</b>, and the number of total foot faults was significantly less in the three day treatment group compared to the non-treated HI group <b>(B)</b>. The Beam Balance test did not show significant difference between the groups <b>(C)</b>. The Wire Hang test did not show significant difference between the treated and non-treated groups <b>(D)</b>. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. #<i>p</i><0.05 compared with sham, §<i>p</i><0.05 compared with non-treated HI group.</p

Nissl and immunostaining of NeuN for brain morphology and hippocampal CA1 region at five weeks after hypoxia ischemia.

<p><b>(A)</b> All groups except sham showed brain atrophy with loss of brain tissue in the hypoxia ischemia (HI) injured hemisphere. Delayed remote ischemic Postconditioning (dRIPC) did not attenuate or worsen the atrophy. <b>(B) Nissl and (C) NeuN</b> Higher magnification of the hippocampus CA1 region (depicted within boxes in <b>(A)</b>) showed a decrease of the CA1 cells after HI compared to sham group. dRIPC treatment did not show improvement microscopically. <b>(D)</b> Nissl quantification of brain atrophy shows significant brain volume loss in HI. dRIPC groups did not show significant improvement but a trend is seen. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. #<i>p</i><0.05 compared with sham.</p

Neurobehavioral tests for cognitive function at five weeks after hypoxia ischemia.

<p>All animals in hypoxia ischemia (HI) group exhibited significant cognitive impairment. However, following delayed remote ischemic postconditioning (dRIPC) treatment, a statistical significance was not reached. Nevertheless treatment groups showed improvement, indicated by a consistent trend to reverse the neurobehavioral deficits caused by HI. Morris Water Maze test shows, three day treatment group had improved performance <b>(A, C)</b> and a trend of improvement <b>(B)</b>, and also one day treatment group shows an improvement in performance <b>(C)</b>. The T Maze test <b>(D)</b> demonstrates improved functional outcome following dRIPC in both treatment groups. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. #<i>p</i><0.05 compared with sham. <i>p</i> = 0.13 vs. HI and 3days and <i>p</i> = 0.3 vs. HI and 1day.</p