Multilevel Polarization of Polar Codes Over Arbitrary Discrete Memoryless Channels

It is shown that polar codes achieve the symmetric capacity of discrete memoryless channels with arbitrary input alphabet sizes. It is shown that in general, channel polarization happens in several, rather than only two levels so that the synthesized channels are either useless, perfect or "partially perfect". Any subset of the channel input alphabet which is closed under addition, induces a coset partition of the alphabet through its shifts. For any such partition of the input alphabet, there exists a corresponding partially perfect channel whose outputs uniquely determine the coset to which the channel input belongs. By a slight modification of the encoding and decoding rules, it is shown that perfect transmission of certain information symbols over partially perfect channels is possible. Our result is general regarding both the cardinality and the algebraic structure of the channel input alphabet; i.e we show that for any channel input alphabet size and any Abelian group structure on the alphabet, polar codes are optimal. It is also shown through an example that polar codes when considered as group/coset codes, do not achieve the capacity achievable using coset codes over arbitrary channels

EVALUATION OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST LUNG CANCER USING H460 CELL LINE

Mammalian tumor cells show imperviousness to chemotherapy and its serious symptoms lessens the clinical adequacy of an extensive assortment of anticancer drugs. Plant-derived compounds show numerous valuable impacts and can restrain a few phases of malignancy of cancer. Despite there is paramount progress in cancer therapeutics in the last decades, the need to find, grow new and synergistic plant predicated anticancer specialists are in the developing stage. In the present study, we endeavored to exploit bioactive compounds of two plants viz. Limonia acidissima and Syzygium cumini, investigated their antiproliferative properties for lung cancer and evaluated the haemolytic activity. Methanol extracts of these plants were experimented for cytotoxic activity and found that L.acidissima and S.cumini selectively inhibited H 460 cell proliferation and found that the two plants are non-haemolytic. Our study deduce that the potential bioactive compounds of these plants have vibrant chance to fight lung cancer as were seen to be non-haemolytic to blood cells and they are very much recorded as a traditional medicine for various therapeutic uses

Coupling of DEM and remote-sensing-based approaches for semi-automated detection of regional geostructural features in Zagros mountain, Iran.

In recent years, remote-sensing data have increasingly been used for the interpretation of objects and mapping in various applications of engineering geology. Digital elevation model (DEM) is very useful for detection, delineation, and interpretation of geological and structural features. The use of image elements for interpretation is a common method to extract structural features. In this paper, linear features were extracted from the Landsat ETM satellite image and then DEM was used to enhance those objects using digital-image-processing filtering techniques. The extraction procedures of the linear objects are performed in a semi-automated way. Photographic elements and geotechnical elements are used as main keys to extract the information from the satellite image data. This paper emphasizes on the application of DEM and usage of various filtering techniques with different convolution kernel size applied on the DEM. Additionally, this paper discusses about the usefulness of DEM and satellite digital data for extraction of structural features in SW of Zagros mountain, Iran

A time domain decentralized algorithm for two channel active noise control.

Due to their low computational complexity, reduced wiring cost, and flexibility of scaling up, decentralized multiple channel active control systems are attractive in many applications. In a decentralized multiple channel active control system, a number of small subsystems are constructed, which are updated independently with only the associated error signals. In this letter, a time domain two channel decentralized control algorithm is proposed to achieve the similar noise reduction performance as the centralized one. Auxiliary filters are introduced to filter the reference signal for control filter update and a unique design method is proposed to shape the frequency response of the auxiliary filters. The simulation results using the measured impulse responses demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm for broadband noise control