Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prevalence and clinical aspects of cracks and fractures in teeth

Vertical root fracture (VRF) is one of the important causes of root canal treatment failure. The diagnosis of VRF can be difficult and it may occur many years after root canal treatment. In this thesis, the clinical and radiographic aspects of VRF, the factors associated with VRF and the time from root canal treatment to a diagnosis of VRF was investigated. This thesis also investigated the prevalence of microcracks in teeth without root canal treatment. The effect of root filling length on VRF and the effect of in vivo root canal instrumentation on the formation of radicular microcracks was also evaluated. The first part of this thesis concluded that the mean time period from root filling to the clinical presentation of VRFs in root canal treated teeth restored with crowns and without posts was 4.35 (± 1.96) years. Posterior teeth, older patients (>40 years), female patients, and overfilled canals were found to be potential risk factors for VRF. The second part of this thesis has reported a 7.1% prevalence of radicular dentinal microcracks in teeth without root canal treatment, which were found more commonly in mandibular teeth and in older patients (>40 years). The third part of this thesis has indicated that root canal filling to or beyond the radiographic apex can be associated with VRF. The final part of this thesis concluded that the in vivo preparation of root canals with ProTaper hand or ProTaper rotary instruments did not result in the formation of root dentinal microcracks

Empirical study for Nusselt number optimization for the flow using ANOVA and Taguchi method

ANOVA and Taguchi is an optimization tool used to find the optimal combination to achieve the highest heat transmission rate for a Casson-Carreau nanofluid flow over a curved surface. Exponentially generating heat, thermal radiation, Joule heating, chemical reaction along with velocity slip, and Stefan blowing peripheral conditions are employed for the current investigation. The rate of heat and mass transmission has been analyzed using the Cattaneo-Christov duplexed diffusion model. Entropy synthesis in the fluid flow system is also planned for the research. The graphs of solutions to the topic under consideration have been compiled by a tool called the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg scheme. According to the outcomes of the present study, when thermal and solutal relaxation parameters are increased, the corresponding thermal and solutal profiles decrease. Both the speed and concentration panels benefit from the Stefan blowing parameter. The Nusselt number falls when Eckert number and Prandtl number increase. When the velocity slip factor is enhanced, the velocity has slowed down, while a rise in the second-order velocity slip factor encourages the same. The Taguchi optimization method has disclosed that the highest signal-to-noise ratio is attained when the magnetic parameter is 0.7, the thermophoresis parameter is 0.05, the Prandtl number is 7, the Eckert number is 0.06, and the thermal relaxation parameter is 0.05. Thus, the maximum heat transfer rate obtained is 2.75354. The thermophoresis parameter has a huge contribution of about 93.83%, whereas the thermal relaxation parameter has the least contribution, i.e., 0.03%, on heat transport rate

Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020

This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-