Power and Phase Locking Results for Controls and Patients with Schizophrenia.

<p>Upper panel: time-frequency power spectrum (ERSP) from the Fz electrode for Controls and Patients. The significant time-frequency segment overlapping in time with the MMN is marked with a black box in the figures (~3-6 Hz, around 200 ms). Lower panel: time-frequency phase-locking factor (PLF) for groups. Inserts in each panel show the topographic distribution of power and phase-locking values across all the electrodes.</p

MMN waveforms and topographic headplots.

<p>First row: Standard and deviant waveforms from electrode Fz for Controls and Patients. Second row: MMN waveforms from electrode Fz for Controls and Patients. Significant differences were found in the marked (170-210ms) time interval. Third row: topographic headplots for two groups and their difference from the significant time interval (170-210ms). Electrodes with significant effects are marked by white disks. Fourth row: Difference waves from the mastoid electrodes.</p

Scatterplots showing correlations between activation during successful retrieval (hits – correct rejections beta value – y axis) in right hippocampus and memory performance (d′ – x axis) in met carriers (left panel) and val homozygotes (right panel).

<p>Scatterplots showing correlations between activation during successful retrieval (hits – correct rejections beta value – y axis) in right hippocampus and memory performance (d′ – x axis) in met carriers (left panel) and val homozygotes (right panel).</p

Whole brain task effects: Statistical Parametric Maps overlaid on MNI template brain showing regions that show significant activation during successful encoding (subsequent hits versus subsequent misses, panel A) or successful retrieval (hits versus misse

<p>SPMs are thresholded at p&lt;0.001 uncorrected for multiple comparisons for display purposes. However, peak voxels survive at FWE p&lt;0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons.</p

Mean beta values for hits, misses and correct rejections during the retrieval phase in right hippocampus by BDNF Val66Met genotype.

<p>Error bars represent SEM.</p

Effect sizes for the endpoints across all platforms.

<p>Further details and p-values are reported elsewhere, see main text. Unresolved acronyms: TMS: Trans-cranial magnetic stimulation; MEP: Motor evoked potentials; EDS:Extra-dimensional stage; pre-ED: Prior to the extra-dimesional shift; VMA: Visuomotor Association; FLE: Fear Learning and Extinction; SCR: Skin conductance response; NS: Non-conditioned stimuli; CS: Conditioned Stimuli; MMN: Mismatch negativity; aLTP: auditory long-term potentiation; PE-slowing: Post-error slowing; ERN: Error-related negativity; VBM: Voxel-based morphometry; LT: Left-top (superior); RB: Right-bottom (inferior); FA: Fractional anisotropy; ILF: Inferior longitudinal Fasciculus.</p

Correlations between grey matter and post-error slowing and between grey matter and ERSP.

<p>Panel A: Correlation between anterior cingulate grey matter volume and post-error slowing for met-carriers and Val/Val group. Met/Met subjects are filled dots, Val/Met subjects are empty dots in the Met-carriers plot. Dashed line indicates 95% confidence interval of the linear regression. Panel B: Correlation between error ERSP and post-error slowing, as above.</p

Anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex grey matter volumes.

<p>Panel A: Met/Met vs Val/Val contrast. Significant cluster are rendered onto an average brain in MNI standard space. Panel B: Extracted anterior cingulate grey matter volume for each group. Panel C: Extracted prefrontal cortex (left) grey matter volume for each group. Bars represent standard error.</p

Topographic plots of power in the theta frequency band.

<p>Graph represents averaged values for central, frontal, temporal and parieto-occipital regions, per each genetic group. Bars represent standard error. * p&lt;0.05;° p&lt;0.06 according to post-hoc Tukey-Kramer comparisons (Val/Met vs Val/Val).</p

Time-domain ERN results.

<p>Panel A: Waveforms for correct (grey) and error (black) responses (FCz), for each group. Panel B: ERN wave for the three genetic groups. Panel C: Topographic plots of the ERN peak (40–100 ms). Electrode FCz is marked with disk.</p