The Promise of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Dental Research

Induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for treating genetic disorders has become an interesting field of research in recent years. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the applicability of induced pluripotent stem cells in dental research. Recent advances in the use of induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential for developing disease-specific iPSC lines in vitro from patients. Indeed, this has provided a perfect cell source for disease modeling and a better understanding of genetic aberrations, pathogenicity, and drug screening. In this paper, we will summarize the recent progress of the disease-specific iPSC development for various human diseases and try to evaluate the possibility of application of iPS technology in dentistry, including its capacity for reprogramming some genetic orodental diseases. In addition to the easy availability and suitability of dental stem cells, the approach of generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells will undoubtedly benefit patients suffering from orodental disorders

Socio-demographic and clinic-pathologic parameters of 46 OSCC patients.

<p>Socio-demographic and clinic-pathologic parameters of 46 OSCC patients.</p

Array CGH based identification of amplified chromosome 8p11.23-11.22 region encompassing ADAM9 gene.

<p>Array CGH based identification of amplified chromosome 8p11.23-11.22 region encompassing ADAM9 gene.</p

Array CGH based identification of amplified chromosome 7q34 region encompassing MGAM gene.

<p>Array CGH based identification of amplified chromosome 7q34 region encompassing MGAM gene.</p

The ideogram of top most frequently CNAs in term of amplifcations and deletions identified in this study using aCGH.

<p>The ideogram of top most frequently CNAs in term of amplifcations and deletions identified in this study using aCGH.</p

Amplification of ADAM5P, MGAM and SIRPB1 identifed by using aCGH and qPCR in OSCC samples.

<p>The percentage for amplification of ADAM5P were almost similar from aCGH and qPCR study with 80% (37/46 OSCC samples) and 81.25% (39/48 OSCC samples), respectively. Similarly, the percentage of the amplification detected from aCGH and qPCR for MGAM gene were also reported as 74% (37/46 OSCC samples) and 50% (24/48 OSCC samples), respectively. The percentage of amplification identified from aCGH and qPCR for SIRPB1 were 61% (28/46 OSCC samples) and 25% (12/48 OSCC samples).</p

The gene expression level (RQ) of MGAM and ADAM9 in OSCC samples.

<p>The gene expression level (RQ) of MGAM and ADAM9 in OSCC samples based on the fold change which expressed as an average of 30 OSCC samples. In OSCC, MGAM has the highest gene expression level (RQ = 6.6) where the gene expression between OSCC and normal mucosa is statistically significant (p = 0.001). This is followed by ADAM9 with gene expression level of RQ = 1.51 (p = 0.093). The RQ for normal tissue (NT) of the two genes were 1 due to the normalization.</p