Production and Immobilization of Alpha Amylase by Using Bacillus subtilis

The α-amylase producing organisms were isolated from soil sample, such as Bacillus sp (2 isolates), Bacillus cereus (1 isolates), Bacillus subtilis (2 isolates) by basal medium and identified by standard biochemical test. The high yielding strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis and used for amylase production. Different  parameters  like temperature (10°C, room temperature (25°-30°C), 37°C & 55°C different pH (6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0) and incubation periods (1-5 days) were used for the α-amylase production. The isolate was inoculated to the production medium and incubated, then it was centrifuged  and the supernatant containing crude enzyme extract is used for protein estimation and activity. It was found that α-amylase production and activity was high at 37°Cat pH 7.0 in 48 hours. The organism was grown in the optimum conditions mentioned above and the enzyme α-amylase was immobilized by alginate gel entrapment method. From the organism the plasmid and the chromosomal DNA was isolated and detected

Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Standardization of Rhinacanthus nasutus (White Crane)

            Plants are the most exclusive source of drugs for the majority of the words population and plant products constitute about 25% at prescribed medicines phytochemical tests have been performed in about 5,000 and nearly 1,100 species are exclusively exploted in 80% Ayurvedic, 46% Unani and 33% Allopathi medicine. The values of the present data indicated that ethanolic extract (5.8%) and aqueous extract (6.8%) showed higher extractive values when compared to other solvents. Ethyl acetate showed the least extraction value (0.9%). At the maximum concentration tested, (250µg) the organisms showed maximum sensitivity and the leaf extract proved to be better than the antibiotic disc Chloramphenicol (30mcg) which recorded 24mm as a zone of inhibition.  The promising alkaloid, Rhinacanthin has potent medicinal applications. It exhibits anti proliferate activity, antimicrobial activity against dermatophytes and inhibits platdent aggregation. In spite of it’s potential. It remains unexplored and under utilized and hence chosen for the present study

Forecasting milk production in Tamilnadu

Tamilnadu, with a daily milk production of 145.88 lakh litres, is one of the leading states in milk production in India. And the Tamilnadu milk cooperatives play a major role in the development dairy within the state. This study aims at forecasting milk production in Tamilnadu, based on data on milk production during the years from 1978 to 2008. The study considered Autoregressive (AR), Moving Average (MA) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) processes to select the appropriate stochastic model for forecasting milk production in Tamilnadu. Based on ARIMA (p, d, q) and its components ACF, PACF, Normalized BIC, Box-Ljung Q statistics and residuals estimated, ARIMA (1, 1, 0) was selected. Based on the chosen model, it could be predicted that the milk production would increase to 7.15 million tons in 2015 from 5.96 million tons in 2008 in Tamilnadu

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE WHOLE PLANT OF CARALLUMA NILAGIRIANA KUMARI ET SUBBA RAO – AN ENDEMIC MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES.

The methanolic, aqueous and chloroform extracts of the endemic medicinal plant species of Caralluma nilagiriana were studied for antibacterial activities against five microorganisms. The zone of inhibition of various extracts was compared with standard tetracycline(30µg/ml). The antibacterial activity justifies its use in traditional medicine. In Salmonella typhi. Escherichia. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus all the three extracts(30µg/ml) was found to have significant antimicrobial activity, but less than that of standard tetracycline. In Klebsiella pneumonia all the three extracts were highly active when compared to standard. But in Pseudomonas aeroginosa the methanolic extracts strongly inhibited the colonial growth against the standard.The other two extracts found to have antimicrobial potency but less than that of standard

Web Crippling of Cold Formed Steel Members

A new design expression for web crippling of cold formed steel members has been developed. An extensive statistical analysis was performed using published test data from Canada, the United States, Sweden and France to develop new expressions for the web crippling strength of cold formed steel members under four different loading cases, i.e. (1) end one-flange loading (EOF), (2) interior one-flange loading (lOF), (3) end two-flange loading (ETF) and (4) interior two-flange loading (lTF). I-sections made of two channels connected back-to-back, Z-sections, channels and multiple web sections (decks) were considered. Comparisons were made with the web crippling expressions presented in the Canadian Standard for the design of cold formed steel structural members, CAN/CSA-S136-M89 (from here on referred to as S136) and with the 1991 LRFD edition of the American Iron and Steel Institute Specification (from here on referred to as AlSI). The web crippling strength depends primarily on the web thickness (t), the yield strength (Fy), the inside bend radius (r), the bearing length of the load (n), the flat dimension of the web measured in the plane of the web (h) and the angle between the plane of web and the plane of the bearing surface (θ). The definition of web depth, h, in both current design standards in Canada (SI36) and the United States (AlSI) was incorporated in the development of the new expressions. The new developed expression is nondimensional, therefore any consistent units of measurement can be used such as imperial or SI. Certain unnecessary complexities which now exist in both design standards have been removed to simplify the web crippling expressions. Eight simplified new expressions have been \u27developed and one particular expression is recommended for design, which has already been adopted by the 1994 edition of S136

Ethnomedicinal knowledge among the Malayali tribal of Chitteri hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

The present study was aimed to document the ethnomedicinal knowledge among the Malayali tribal of Chitteri hills Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. Field visits were made to the Chitteri hills every month covering all seasons. Interviews with traditional healers and other knowledgeable inhabitants and farmers were conducted. The Malayali tribal people of Chitteri hills use 320 plant species for their day-to-day life, this ethnobotanical exploration revealed they were the habit of using around 216 species of medicinal plants belonging to 200 genera under 45 families. Malayali tribes use morphological characters such as bark surface, leaf colour, leaf taste and exudates, underground plant parts and ecology of species as criteria for identification of 135 species belongs to 105 genera under 46 families. The documentation of the knowledge of Malayali tribal identification of plants of Chitteri hills is to be accorded top priority in the preservation of our ancient traditional knowledge

Studies on the effect of mercury on germination and biochemical changes of ground nut [Arachis hypogaea (L). var. VRI- 1] seedlings

The uptake and accumulation of mercury in various parts of the plants namely stem, root, leaf and seeds showed a gradual decrease with the steady increase in mercury treatment. It can be concluded that the VRI-1 variety of groundnut was proved to be tolerant to mercury. Hence it can it is recommended that the variety VRI – 1 can be cultivated in the soils contaminated with mercury and chloralkali  plants which use mercury as an electrode in cells for the manufacture of caustic soda and chlorine effluent. This will prevent considerably the extent of damage caused by mercuryon ground nut to a certain extent

Methyl 1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxyl­ate

The title mol­ecule, C5H7N3O2, has an almost planar conformation, with a maximum deviation of 0.043 (3) Å, except for the methyl H atoms. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into layers parallel to the bc plane. Inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.685 (2) and 3.697 (2) Å] are observed between the parallel triazole rings