Bioactive potential of sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus from Devanampattinam, Southeast coast of India

The present investigation elucidates the bioactive potential of aqueous extract of sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus. In this investigation biochemical, heamolytic, cytotoxic and FT-IR analysis were followed by standard methods. In biochemical analysis, proteins content 2.70 mgmL-1, total carbohydrates content 2.15 mgmL-1 and total lipids content 0.03 mgmL-1 were showed in aqueous extract of sea urchin. In heamolytic assay, the goat and chicken erythrocytes showed the maximum 64 Hemolytic Unit (HU) and human blood group “A” shows 32 HU, blood group “B” shows 64 HU, blood group “AB” shows 32 HU and blood group “O” shows 128 HU. In cytotoxic study, aqueous extract of sea urchin showed LC50 value 0.12±0.09 mgmL-1 concentration was showed 50% mortality. In antimicrobial assay, maximum zone inhibition 12.26 ± 0.6 mm showed by K. oxytoca and 3.33 ± 0.9 mm showed by Mucor sp. against chloroform extract of sea urchin T. toreumaticus. Thin layer chromatogram showed the spots of Rf values of 0.38, 0.85 cm. The FT-IR study shows the presence of functional groups such as chloroalkanes, bromoalkanes, iodoalkanes, alcohols groups, acids or aromatic ethers, methyl alkyl groups, 1° amines groups and ammonium ions. These results indicate that, sea urchin has remarkable hemolytic and cytotoxic activities.Keywords: Antimicrobial Assay, Biochemical, FT-IR, Sea Urchin, Heamolyti

Effect of Stalling after Mismatches on the Error Catastrophe in Nonenzymatic Nucleic Acid Replication

The frequency of errors during genome replication limits the amount of functionally important information that can be passed on from generation to generation. During the origin of life, mutation rates are thought to have been quite high, raising a classic chicken-and-egg paradox: could nonenzymatic replication propagate sequences accurately enough to allow for the emergence of heritable function? Here we show that the theoretical limit on genomic information content may increase substantially as a consequence of dramatically slowed polymerization after mismatches. As a result of postmismatch stalling, accurate copies of a template tend to be completed more rapidly than mutant copies and the accurate copies can therefore begin a second round of replication more quickly. To quantify this effect, we characterized an experimental model of nonenzymatic, template-directed nucleic acid polymerization. We found that most mismatches decrease the rate of primer extension by more than 2 orders of magnitude relative to a matched (Watson-Crick) control. A chemical replication system with this property would be able to propagate sequences long enough to have function. Our study suggests that the emergence of functional sequences during the origin of life would be possible even in the face of the high intrinsic error rates of chemical replication

UV Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Cinitapride in Pure and its Solid Dosage Form

A new, rapid, precise, accurate and sensitive analytical method was developed for the UV spectrophotometric assay of cinitapride (CTP). The drug obeyed the Beer's law and showed good correlation. It showed absorption maxima at 260 nm in methanol. The linearity was observed between 5-40 µg mL-1. The results of analysis were validated by recovery studies. The recovery was more than 99%. The proposed method is the only method available for spectrophotometric determination of the drug. It is simple, precise, sensitive and reproducible and can be used for the routine quality control testing of the marketed formulations

UV Spectrophotometric Estimation of Acipimox inBulk and Capsule Dosage Form

A new simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and precise spectrophotometric method in ultra violet region has been developed for determination of acipimox (ACX) in bulk and capsule dosage form. Acipimox exhibited maximum absorbance at 231 nm with apparent molar absorptivity of 1.5104 × 104 in distilled water. Beer’s law was found to be obeyed in the concentration range 1-10 μg mL-1. Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9998. The developed method was validated respect to linearity, precision, accuracy. The proposed method is useful for the routine estimation of ACX in bulk and capsule dosage form

Kalaichelvi R, UV Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Cinitapride in Pure and its Solid Dosage. E-Journal of Chemistry

ABSTRACT A simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of clebopride in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulation. It has an absorption maximum at 263 nm and obeys beer's law in the concentration range 20 -100 µg mL -1 . Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. The apparent molar absorptivity and sandell's sensitivity were 3.944x10 3 L mol -1 cm -1 and 1.06x10 -5 µg cm -2 , respectively. The slope and intercept of the equation of the regression line are 0.0106 and 0.0045 respectively. Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9999. This method is successfully employed for the determination of clebopride in pharmaceutical preparation

Case Report Nephrocalcinosis in Siblings -Familial Hypomagnesemia, Hypercalciuria with Nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC Syndrome)

Abstract Familial Hypomagnesemia, Hypercalciuria with Nephrocalcinosis is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disease associated with renal failure. Two girls born of consanguineous parentage aged 16 and 17 presented to us with renal failure, nephrocalcinosis and bone deformities. On evaluation they were found to have hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, increased fractional excretion of magnesium, hypocitraturia, renal failure and elevated PTH. Their parental screening was normal. There were no extra-renal features in them. One sibling had nephrolithiasis and the stone analysis revealed calcium phosphate stones. Both were treated with sodium bicarbonate, thiazides, calcitriol and calcium carbonate. They did not require dialysis during hospital stay. Both of them were treated conservatively

Exiguobacterium soli sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

A novel psychrophilic bacterium, designated strain DVS 3Y<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from a moraine sample from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DVS 3Y<SUP>T</SUP> was related to the genus Exiguobacterium. Strain DVS 3Y<SUP>T</SUP> exhibited &gt;97% gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium acetylicum DSM 20416<SUP>T</SUP> (97.4%), Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans DSM 17272<SUP>T</SUP> (97.4%), Exiguobacterium indicum IAM 15368<SUP>T</SUP> (97.6%), Exiguobacterium undae DSM 14481<SUP>T</SUP> (98.2%), Exiguobacterium sibiricum DSM 17290<SUP>T</SUP> (98.6%) and Exiguobacterium antarcticum DSM 14480<SUP>T</SUP> (99.6%). However, the levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain DVS 3Y<SUP>T</SUP> and E. acetylicum DSM 20416<SUP>T</SUP>, E. oxidotolerans JCM 12280<SUP>T</SUP>, E. indicum IAM 15368T, E. undae DSM 14481<SUP>T</SUP>, E. sibiricum DSM 17290<SUP>T</SUP> and E. antarcticum DSM 14480<SUP>T</SUP> were less than 70% (52, 25, 16, 33, 16 and 38?%, respectively). Strain DVS 3Y<SUP>T</SUP> also differed from these six closely related species in a number of phenotypic traits. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data suggest that strain DVS 3Y<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium, for which the name Exiguobacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DVS 3Y<SUP>T</SUP> (=MTCC 4816<SUP>T</SUP>=JCM 14376<SUP>T</SUP>)

Effect of Si/Ge ratio on resistivity and thermopower in Gd(5)Si(x)Ge(4-x) magnetocaloric compounds

The effect of Si/Ge ratio on resistivity and thermopower behavior has been investigated in the magnetocaloric ferromagnetic Gd(5)Si(x)Ge(4-x) compounds with x = 1.7-2.3. Microstructural studies reveal the presence of Gd(5)(Si, Ge)(4)-matrix phase (5:4-type) along with traces of secondary phases (5:5 or 5:3-type). The x = 1.7 and 2.0 samples display the presence of a first order structural transition from orthorhombic to monoclinic phase followed by a magnetic transition of the monoclinic phase. The alloys with x = 2.2 and 2.3 display only magnetic transitions of the orthorhombic phase. A low temperature feature apparent in the AC susceptibility and resistivity data below 100 K reflects an antiferromagnetic transition of secondary phase(s) present in these compounds. The resistivity behavior study correlates with microstructural studies. A large change in thermopower of -8 mu V/K was obtained at the magneto-structural transition for the x = 2 compound. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Application of Deep Learning to the Prediction of Solar Irradiance through Missing Data

The task of predicting solar irradiance is critical in the development of renewable energy sources. This research is aimed at predicting the photovoltaic plant’s irradiance or power and serving as a standard for grid stability. In practical situations, missing data can drastically diminish prediction precision. Meanwhile, it is tough to pick an appropriate imputation approach before modeling because of not knowing the distribution of datasets. Furthermore, not all datasets benefit equally from using the same imputation technique. This research suggests utilizing a recurrent neural network (RNN) equipped with an adaptive neural imputation module (ANIM) to estimate direct solar irradiance when some data is missing. Without imputed information, the typical projects’ imminent 4-hour irradiance depends on gaps in antique climatic and irradiation records. The projected model is evaluated on the widely available information by simulating missing data in each input series. The performance model is assessed alternative imputation techniques under a range of missing rates and input parameters. The outcomes prove that the suggested methods perform better than competing strategies when measured by various criteria. Moreover, combine the methodology with the attentive mechanism and invent that it excels in low-light conditions