Les tuputupua : ancêtres protecteurs et animaux tutélaires aux Tuamotu

Aux Tuamotu, Eugène Caillot fut l’un des premiers à fournir des informations sur les pratiques liées au culte des ancêtres. Si les études sur le sujet ont permis de mettre en lumière certains aspects de la conception de la vie après la mort des Paumotu, d’autres éléments sont restés plus confidentiels. Ainsi, la réincarnation des ancêtres sous une forme animale, bien que mentionnée, n’a jusqu’ici pas fait l’objet d’une étude à part entière. Pourtant dans les mémoires des autochtones, les récits relatifs à ces entités qu’ils ont nommées tuputupua, sont encore vivaces. Ce travail propose donc d’étudier les interactions entre tuputupua et le groupe de descendance qui leur est affilié. Pour se faire, nous nous sommes essentiellement basé sur un corpus de traditions orales de l’aire dialectale Tapuhoe, correspondant au centre de l’archipel des Tuamotu.In the Tuamotu archipelago, Eugène Caillot was one of the first to give information about practices associated with the ancestors’ cult. If studies on the matter were able to enlighten certain aspects of Paumotu’s life after death conception, some elements remained more confidential. Indeed, reincarnation of ancestors in an animal shape, though mentioned, had not constituted a specific study to this day. However tales about those entities, Paumotu had named tuputupua are still vivid in their memories. This work proposes to study interactions between tuputupua and affiliated group of descents. In order to do so, we focused on a collection of oral traditions issued from the linguistic area of Tapuhoe which is located at the center of the Tuamotu archipelago

Coherent beam combining with an ultrafast multicore Yb-doped fiber amplifier

International audienceActive coherent beam combination using a 7-non-coupled core,polarization maintaining, air-clad, Yb-doped fiber is demonstrated as amonolithic and compact power-scaling concept for ultrafast fiber lasers. Amicrolens array matched to the multicore fiber and an active phasecontroller composed of a spatial light modulator applying a stochasticparallel gradient descent algorithm are utilized to perform coherentcombining in the tiled aperture geometry. The mitigation of nonlineareffects at a pulse energy of 8.9 μJ and duration of 860 fs is experimentallyverified at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The experimental combiningefficiency results in a far field central lobe carrying 49% of the total power,compared to an ideal value of 76%. This efficiency is primarily limited bygroup delay differences between cores which is identified as the maindrawback of the system. Minimizing these group delay issues, e.g. by usingshort and straight rod-type multicore fibers, should allow a practical powerscaling solution for femtosecond fiber systems

Coherent beam combining in Er3+-doped multicore fiber with 1480nm core pumping (orale)

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Combinaison Cohérente dans une Fibre Multicoeurs Dopée Er3+ (orale)

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ApoE N- and C-terminal domain interacting interface is involved in amyloid beta binding: Insights from cross-linking mass spectrometry

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Regions implicated in inter N- and C-terminal domain interaction of the three major isoforms of ApoE interacts with the amyloid beta peptide of Alzheimer disease

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Evidence of N- and C-terminal interaction of the three major isoforms of apoE with the Aβ peptide of the Alzheimer Disease

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Toward the structure of the apoE-amyloid beta complex

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Urban land uses shape soil microbial abundance and diversity

International audienceSoil microbial biodiversity provides many useful services in cities. However, the ecology of microbial communities in urban soils remains poorly documented, and studies are required to better predict the impact of urban land use. We characterized microbial communities (archea/bacteria and fungi) in urban soils in Dijon (Burgundy, France). Three main land uses were considered – public leisure, traffic, and urban agriculture – sub-categorized in sub-land uses according to urban indexes and management practices. Microbial biomass and diversity were determined by quantifying and high-throughput sequencing of soil DNA. Variation partitioning analysis was used to rank soil physicochemical characteristics and land uses according to their relative contribution to the variation of soil microbial communities. Urban soils in Dijon harbored high levels of microbial biomass and diversity that varied according to land uses. Microbial biomass was 1.8 times higher in public leisure and traffic sites than in urban agriculture sites. Fungal richness increased by 25 % in urban agriculture soils, and bacterial richness was lower (by 20 %) in public leisure soils. Partitioning models explained 25.7 %, 46.2 % and 75.6 % of the variance of fungal richness, bacterial richness and microbial biomass, respectively. The organic carbon content and the C/N ratio were the best predictors of microbial biomass, whereas soil bacterial diversity was mainly explained by soil texture and land use. Neither metal trace elements nor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contents explained variations of microbial communities, probably due to their very low concentration in the soils. The microbial composition results highlighted that leisure sites represented a stabilized habitat favoring specialized microbial groups and microbial plant symbionts, as opposed to urban agriculture sites that stimulated opportunistic populations able to face the impact of agricultural practices. Altogether, our results provide evidence that there is scope for urban planners to drive soil microbial diversity through sustainable urban land use and associated management practices

Ultrafast multicore Yb-doped fiber amplifier (Oral)

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