Arrancando o véu da ilusão : um estudo da concepção épica a partir de A compra do latão de Brecht

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a concepção teatral de Bertolt Brecht, dramaturgo alemão que revolucionou o teatro mundial com sua teoria e prática durante o século XX ao vincular teatro e luta de classes. Com o objetivo de compreender o que é o teatro científico pelo qual Brecht lutou, utilizo de base para essa pesquisa o texto A Compra do Latão [1939-1955], de autoria do dramaturgo em questão, onde os fundamentos do teatro épico são desenvolvidos ao longo de dezesseis anos. Assim, a presente pesquisa desenvolve acerca da origem do termo "épico", das diferenças entre o teatro dramático burguês e o teatro de Brecht, da postura requisitada ao ator e ao público do teatro épico, dos mecanismos de identificação e distanciamento na cena teatral e, por fim, das diferenças entre o "teatro tipo carrossel" e o "teatro tipo planetário". O trabalho utiliza essa pesquisa como base para refletir uma pedagogia existente no processo do teatro brechtiano.This work presents a study about the theatrical conception of Bertold Brecht, the German playwright that revolutionized world theatre with its practics and theory along the XXth century by connecting theatre and class strugle. With the purpose to comprehend what is the scientific theatre for which Brecht fought for, we use the text A Compra do Latão (1939-1956), written by Brecht, in which the fundaments of the epic theatre are developed, as a basis for the research. Therefore, the present research talks about the origins of the term "epic", the differences between bourgeois dramatic theatre and Brecht's one, the atitude demanded to the actor and to the public of the epic theatre, about the identification and distancing mecanisms in the scene, and, finally, the differences between the "carousel theatre" and "planetary theatre". This work aims to reflect about the pedagogy present in the process of the brechtian theatre

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status