Ghrelin levels are decreased in non-obese prepubertal children born large for gestational age

Background: Ghrelin is the natural ligand of GH secretagogue receptor. It has several metabolic functions including regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis, and body weight. An inverse relationship between fasting plasma ghrelin and insulin concentrations has been shown. Being born large for gestational age (LGA) has all increased risk of developing insulin resistance

The Role of American Thyroid Association Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Risk Stratification and <i>BRAF^V600E</i> Mutation in Predicting the Response to Treatment in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients ≤ 18 Years Old.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the role of risk stratification by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) pediatric thyroid cancer risk levels and BRAF(V600E) mutation to predict the response to treatment in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients ≤18 years old. METHODS: Clinical outcomes during a median period of 6 (2-21.8) years were assessed in 70 patients, according to ATA pediatric risk stratification, BRAF(V600E) mutation status, and dynamic risk stratification (DRS) at final follow-up. RESULTS: Of 70 patients, 44 (63%), 14 (20%), and 12 (17%) were classified initially as low-, intermediate-, and high-risk, respectively. BRAF(V600E) mutation analysis data was available in 55 (78.6%) patients, of whom 18 (32.7%) had the BRAF(V600E) mutation. According to the final DRS, 61 (87%), two (3%), six (9%), and one (1%) patients were classified as an excellent, incomplete biochemical, incomplete structural, and indeterminate response, respectively. All ATA low-risk patients showed excellent response to treatment, whereas the rate of excellent response was 65.4% in intermediate- and high-risk levels (p<0.001). The rates of excellent response in BRAF(V600E) positive and negative patients were 83% and 92%, respectively (p=0.339). The rate of locoregional recurrence was significantly higher in BRAF(V600E) positive vs negative patients (33.3% vs 2.7% respectively, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: ATA pediatric risk stratification is effective in predicting response to treatment in PTC patients ≤18 years old. The presence of BRAF(V600E) mutation was highly predictive for recurrence but had no significant impact on the rate of excellent response to treatment at final follow-up

Growth and Pubertal Features in a Cohort of 83 Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease characterized by fragile bones and variable short stature. Method We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate demographic data, clinical findings, growth and pubertal characteristics, and medical treatment of 83 OI patients. Results 83 (31 female/52 male) patients were enrolled in the study. The median follow-up duration was 4.7 (0.6-17.7) years. 51 out of 83 patients (61.4%) received bisphosphonate therapy. The median Z-score of the bone mineral density improved in patients with OI-I and OI-III with the treatment. During follow-up, height-SDS significantly increased in both OI-I and OI-III on treatment; however, final adult height SDS of patients did not improve. The frequency of overweight and obesity was found to be increased at the last evaluation compared to the admission. The rate of precocious puberty (PP) and early puberty (EP) were 20 and 10% in girls, and they were 15.7 and 47.3% in boys, respectively. Conclusion Reduced growth, significant weight gain over time due to impaired mobility, and high frequency of PP/EP require effective interventions to improve mobility and functional parameters as early as possible in children with OI

Frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes over the past decade in children referred to a tertiary paediatric care centre: potential impact of a national programme highlighted

Aims: To assess the frequency and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at disease onset in children newly diagnosed with autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Istanbul in the last decade. Also, to evaluate the potential contribution of the national diabetes awareness programme (NDAP) initiated in 2010

BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and the aetiological profile of patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD

Adiponectin is an indicator of insulin resistance in non-obese prepubertal children born large for gestational age (LGA) and is affected by birth weight

Being born as large for gestational age (LGA) has an increased risk of developing insulin resistance. Hypoadiponectinaemia is associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate adiponectin levels and insulin resistance in association with body composition in LGA born non-obese children at prepubertal ages

Are metabolic syndrome antecedents in prepubertal children associated with being born idiopathic large for gestational age?

IntroductionBeing born large for gestational age (LGA) is a risk factor for development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents and adults