Characterizing Double and Triple Laser Beam Interference Patterns in the Context of Trapping Atoms for Quantum Computing

We propose two optical neutral atom traps for quantum computing involving the intersection of two or three laser beams. We simulate both the intensity and the potential energy of the interference pattern. From these simulations we create animations of how the potential energy and intensity change with varying angles of separation between the laser beams in the system. We parameterize lines through our interference pattern and fit simple harmonic oscillator potential energies to the potential energy wells calculated to characterize our interference pattern’s atom trapping capabilities. Finally, we investigate a possible quantum entanglement routine by observing how the geometry of both the intensity pattern and potential energy changes in our different animations. For the case of the double beam trap with different beam waists at θ = π/2, we found η = 41.8 KHz and ∆Utrap = 0.042 mK for BEC atoms, and η = 41.2 KHz and ∆Utrap = 12.4 mK for MOT atoms. For the case of the triple beam trap with all beams having equal parameters at θ = π/2, θ2 = 0, and γ = 3π/4 we found η = 8.00 KHz and ∆Utrap = 0.62 mK

Crisis in the UK National Health Service:What does it mean, and what are the consequences?

There have been more‐or‐less continual suggestions that the UK National Health Service (NHS) has been suffering from one kind of crisis or another since its creation in 1948. If we are to understand the problems the NHS faces, then we need to empirically investigate what kinds of crises it has faced, if such crises have patterns to them, and whether or not they tend to lead to policy change. This article considers NHS crisis in terms of academic accounts of its history, as well in occurrences of the term ‘NHS crisis’ (and its synonyms) in national newspaper headlines from the 1980s up to 2020 through the application of topic modelling. The combination of these two sources of data leads to the construction of a typology of NHS crises. Having constructed this typology, we can then examine the timing and frequency of NHS crises, and consider the relationship between crises and periods of policy change, as well as to the wider economic and social context in which crises occur through the notion of the ‘NHS spatio‐temporal fix’

Regional stability versus fine-scale changes in community composition of mesotrophic grasslands over 25 years

Ella Morton - wifehttps://stars.library.ucf.edu/cfm-ch-memoranda-1930/1334/thumbnail.jp