The Becklin-Neugebauer Object as a Runaway B Star, Ejected 4000 years ago from the theta^1C system

We attempt to explain the properties of the Becklin-Neugebauer (BN) object as a runaway B star, as originally proposed by Plambeck et al. (1995). This is one of the best-studied bright infrared sources, located in the Orion Nebula Cluster -- an important testing ground for massive star formation theories. From radio observations of BN's proper motion, we trace its trajectory back to Trapezium star theta^1C, the most massive (45 Msun) in the cluster and a relatively tight (17 AU) visual binary with a B star secondary. This origin would be the most recent known runaway B star ejection event, occurring only \~4000 yr ago and providing a unique test of models of ejection from multiple systems of massive stars. Although highly obscured, we can constrain BN's mass (~7 Msun) from both its bolometric luminosity and the recoil of theta^1C. Interaction of a runaway B star with dense ambient gas should produce a compact wind bow shock. We suggest that X-ray emission from this shocked gas may have been seen by Chandra: the offset from the radio position is ~300 AU in the direction of BN's motion. Given this model, we constrain the ambient density, wind mass-loss rate and wind velocity. BN made closest approach to the massive protostar, source ``I'', 500 yr ago. This may have triggered enhanced accretion and thus outflow, consistent with previous interpretations of the outflow being a recent (~10^3 yr) "explosive" event.Comment: 6 pages, accepted to ApJ Letter

ANALYSIS OF SESAME PROTEINS ISOLATE (SESAMUM INDICUM L) WITH WATER AND SALT TREATMENT

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain protein isolate from sesame using alkaline pH at different pHs of precipitation with water and salt andto analyze protein isolate with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Methods: Sesame protein isolates were obtained using isoelectric precipitation method at different pHs using water and salt as solvents. Proteinswere analyzed using native-PAGE and SDS-PAGE.Results: A yield of 14,727% ± 0.3 of protein isolate of defatted sesame flour at pH 7.0 with a 47.4% ± 0.6 of protein was obtained. The yield of proteinisolate using water and salt was similar. Polypeptides profile is between 6.5 and 50 kDa.Conclusions: Sesame seed is a good source of proteins. Globulins and albumins were identified in the sesame protein isolate in the presence of waterand salt.Keywords: Sesame, Protein isolate, Proteins, Globulins and albumins

Exploring capability and accountability outcomes of open development for the poor and marginalized: An analysis of select literature

Open development concerns the application of digitally-enabled openness to radically change human capability and governance contexts (Davies & Edwards, 2012; Smith & Reilly, 2013; Smith, Elder, & Emdon, 2011). However, what openness means, and how it contributes to development outcomes is contested (Buskens, 2013; Singh & Gurumurthy, 2013). Furthermore, the potential of open development to support positive social transformation has not yet materialized, particularly for marginalized populations (Bentley & Chib, 2016), partly because relatively little is known regarding how transformation is enacted in the field. Likewise, two promising outcomes – the expansion of human capabilities and accountability – have not been explored in detail. This research interrogates the influence of digitally-enabled openness on transformation processes and outcomes. A purposeful sample of literature was taken to evaluate outcomes and transformation processes according to our theoretical framework, which defines seven cross-cutting dimensions essential to incorporate. We argue that these dimensions explain links between structures, processes and outcomes of open development. These links are essential to understand in the area of Community Informatics as they enable researchers and practitioners to support effective use of openness by and for poor and marginalized communities to pursue their own objectives

Propuesta metodológica de un sistema de benchmarking para un sector industrial basado en el método multicriterio ANP

Trabajo presentado al XVI Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería de Proyectos (AEIPRO), celebrado en Valencia (España) del 11 al 13 de julio de 2012.[EN]: In benchmarking process it is not enough to compare competitors among them, but it is also important to determine which indicators of competitiveness are to be measured and therefore to know to what extent each indicator contributes to the competitiveness of the sector. Therefore, the objective of this research is to provide a methodology that will allow any industry to develop a benchmarking system that includes the identification of appropriate indicators to the business environment, selected by industry experts. This research presents a methodological approach aimed at industry and promotes the implementation of new indicators to measure competitiveness, capability-oriented innovation, organizational learning and entrepreneurship. Consequently, the selection of indicators for measuring system competitiveness is a complex decision process and that is where the multicriteria method ANP (Saaty, 1996) helps to solve the selection problem as a natural way to incorporate experts’ opinion. This methodology should provide a ranking of companies according their competitiveness level.[ES]: En un proceso de Benchmarking ya no es suficiente compararse con los competidores, si no que es importante determinar con qué indicadores de competitividad se van a medir y, en consecuencia, conocer en qué medida contribuye cada indicador a la competitividad del sector. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación es proporcionar una metodología que le permita a cualquier sector industrial desarrollar un sistema de Benchmarking que incluya la identificación de los indicadores adecuados a su entorno empresarial, indicadores seleccionados por expertos del sector. La presente investigación expone una propuesta metodológica dirigida a sectores industriales y promueve la aplicación de nuevos indicadores para medir la competitividad, orientados hacia la capacidad de innovación, aprendizaje y conocimiento empresarial y la capacidad emprendedora. En consecuencia, la selección de los indicadores para el sistema de medición de la competitividad es un proceso de decisión complejo y es ahí, donde el método multicriterio ANP (Saaty, 1996) contribuye a resolver el problema de selección, ya que de una forma natural incorpora la opinión de los expertos. Dicha metodología debe dar como resultado una jerarquización de empresas a través de un sistema de medición de la competitividad acorde a los criterios de su entorno empresarial.Peer Reviewe

Young stars at large distances from the galactic plane: mechanisms of formation

We have collected from the literature a list of early-type stars, situated at large distances from the galactic plane, for which evidence of youth seems convincing. We discuss two possible formation mechanisms for these stars: ejection from the plane by dynamical interactions within small clusters, and formation away from the plane, via induced shocks created by spiral density waves. We identify the stars that could be explained by each mechanism. We conclude that the ejection mechanism can account for about two thirds of the stars, while a combination of star formation at z = 500-800 pc from the plane and ejection, can account for 90 percent of these stars. Neither mechanism, nor both together, can explain the most extreme examples.Comment: 6 pages, No figures. Sixth Pacific Rim Conference on Stellar Astrophysics - A tribute to Helmut Abt, (Kluwer