Evaluation of some haematological variables of Acipenser persicus and Acipenser stellatus at different water temperaures

Some haematological variables including Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC) differential counts, Haemoglobin (Hb), Haematorite (HCT), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were measured in 90 stellate sturgeon juveniles Acipenser stellatus (1-2 years old) and 90 Persian sturgeons Acipenser persicus (1-2 years old) at different water temperature 10-15C, 16-20?C and 21-25C. Also these parameters were evaluated in 84 adult including A. persicus (54 samples) and A. stellatus (30 samples) collected from Caspian Sea during spring and autumn 1997. The results have showed that WBC differential counts, Hb, HCT, MCV and MCH were identical for both species at the mentioned water temperatures. However, the values for RBC of A. persicus were generally less than those of A. stellatus. These haematological factors relatively increased with the water temperature increasing. Although RBC and WBC values of A. persicus were less than those of A. stellatus. The rates for HCT, MCV and MCH were higher in A. persicus

Some hematological and biochemical changes in blood serum of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella ) vaccinated with Aeromonas hydrophila following exposure to sublethal concentration of diazinon

Diazinon is commonly used for pest control in the agricultural fields in north of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the chronic toxicity of organophosphorous pesticide (Diazinon) in vaccinated fish and its effects on some hematological parameters and biochemical blood plasma profiles of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). This experiment was carried out in three groups. The first group was vaccinated and exposed to diazinon (group A) while the second group was vaccinated and bathed with PBS bath (group B). The remaining fish were used as unvaccinated fish and were kept in clean water separately (group C). Diazinon was applied at concentrations of 2 mg/L for 12 hours since the experiments were initiated. The experimental groups (A and B) showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit, leucocytes, Lymphocyte, myelocyte and monocyte, as well as in alkaline phosphatases, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and, lactate dehydrogenase compared to the control group (C). Values of MCV, MCH and MCHC of experimental species (A and B) were compared to the control group (C). The results of examinations of the biochemical blood plasma profile indicate a marked neurotoxic effect of diazinon in fishes. Changes in values of both erythrocyte and leukocyte profile after exposure to diazinon-based preparation may be referred to disruption of haematopoiesis as well as to a decrease on non-specific immunity of the fish

Distribution and molecular identification of some causative agents of streptococcosis isolated from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) in Iran

Over the past few years, the syndrome of streptococcosis has been associated with outbreaks in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) and caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry in Iran. The main purpose of this work was molecular identification of some causative agents of streptococcosis in rainbow trout. A total of 520 samples were collected from the head kidney of diseased fish (weight, 50_200g) in 72 farms of 8 provinces in Iran, during 2008 to 2009. Bacterial isolates representing morphology and biochemical profiles of Streptococcus spp. were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA extraction was carried out from a single colony by using the extraction promega kit following the conditions described by the supplier. The PCR assay was developed based on the 16S rRNA and glucose kinase genes of Streptococcus spp. for the rapid and specific detection and identification of this pathogen from different sources. Approximately 40% of specimens were infected to Streptococcus spp. Consequently, five pathogenic species have been identified, including S. iniae in Fars province, S. faecium in Mazandaran province, S. agalactiae in Gilan and Mazandaran provinces, S. dysgalatiae in Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Gilan and Kermanshah provinces and S. uberis, which was common in all provinces (except Mazandaran and Lorestan). The dominant species (based on important species index) were S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae and S. agalactiae, respectively

The effect of different levels of Mentha piperita on some of the hematological, biochemical and immune parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss

Due to the increased bacterial resistance to common antibiotics, there is a tendency towards using herbal extracts in order to increase the non-specific immune system. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Mentha piperita extract on hematological, biochemical and immune parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this purpose, fish with mean (±SD) weight of 32.2± 0.12 g were raised for 8 weeks in Vniro tanks (1800 l water), 80 fish to each tank and feeding with different levels of M. piperita (with concentrations of % 0, % 1, % 2.0 and % 3.0, three replicates were used for each concentration). At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected to determine some hematological, biochemical and immunity parameters in different groups and compared to one another. Results showed significant differences in RBC and WBC count, neutrophil percentage, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (HCT) value, total protein (TP), IgM and lysozyme activity in fish fed M. piperita (especially with 2 and 3.0% concentrations) when compared with control group. The results suggest that M. piperita extract may enhance the non-specific immune system of O. mykiss. Thus, using this supplement especially at of 3.0% level as immunostimulants were recommended in O. mykiss diet

Effect of nicin z on some of spoilage chemical and bacterial properties in surimi of kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) stored in 4°C

The effect of antibacterial and antioxidant of nicin z in two forms (free and encapsulated) was investigated on Total Viable Count (TVC) , Psychrotrophic Counts (PTC) , Peroxide Value (PV) , Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and Total volatile nitrogen (TVN) in zero, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 days of storage.Two concentrations (700IU/gr ,1000IU/gr) of free and encapsulated nicin in liposome (by spray-dried method) were added as spray on surimi of kilka and one treatment was selected as a control. The results showed that change of chemical and bacterial parameters in treatment of encapsulated nicin was lower than free nicin and control treatments. Concentration of 1000IU/gr of nicin was better than results of other treatments. The shelf life of surimi of kilka in control, free and encapsulated nicin treatments for bacterial results were 9,12 , 15 days, respectively, and for TBA , TVN and PV were 6 , 15 and at least 15 days, respectively. The conclusion was that encapsulated nicin in liposome improved shelf life of surimi of kilka

Some hematological and biochemical changes in blood serum of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) vaccinated with Aeromonas hydrophila following exposure to sublethal concentration of diazinon

.Diazinon is commonly used for pest control in the agricultural fields in north of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the chronic toxicity of organophosphorous pesticide (Diazinon) in vaccinated fish and its effects on some hematological parameters and biochemical blood plasma profiles of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).This experiment was carried out in three groups. The first group was vaccinated and exposed to diazinon (group A) while the second group was vaccinated and bathed with PBS bath (group B). The remaining fish were used as unvaccinated fish and were kept in clean water separately (group C). Diazinon was applied at concentrations of 2 mg/L for 12 hours since the experiments were initiated. The experimental groups(A and B) showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit, leucocytes, Lymphocyte, myelocyte and monocyte, as well as in alkaline phosphatases, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and, lactate dehydrogenase compared to the control group(C). Values of MCV, MCH and MCHC of experimental species (A and B) were compared to the control group(C). The results of examinations of the biochemical blood plasma profile indicate a marked neurotoxic effect of diazinon in fishes. Changes in values of both erythrocyte and leukocyte profile after exposure to diazinon-based preparation may be referred to disruption of haematopoiesis as well as to a decrease on non-specific immunity of the fis

Infection rate of the Shiroud River fishes with Clinostomum complanatum

Due to the variety of fishes and fisheries resources the Shiroud River is considered as one of the most valuable rivers in the west of Mazandaran Province. Therefore the infection rate of the fishes in the river with parasites was examined in Aquatic Disease laboratory of Mazandaran Fisheries Research Center. Among the observed parasitic infections, we will refer to Clinostomum complanatum, which may cause laryngo-pharyngitis in human. The examined fishes were Cobitis taenia, Capoeta capoeta,Neogobius fluviatilis, Carassius auratus, Albumoides bipunctatus, Chalcalburnus chalcoides, Barbus barbus plebejus, Leuciscus cephalus, Alburnus alburnus. Among the mentioned fishes Capoeta capoeta had the highest rate of infection with Clinostomum complanatum. In the research, Alburnoides bipunctatus and Cobitis taenia were introduced as the new hosts of this parasite

Determination of diazinon LC50 in grass carp (Cetenopharyngodon idella) and the effect of sublethal concentration of toxin on some hematological and biochemical indices

Toxicity of the organophosphate, diazinon was studied in grass carp (Cetenopharyngodon idella) weighing 5±1.0g, under static water quality condition at 16°C. Also, some hematological and biochemical variables of fish weighing 50±5.0g were studied 12 hours post-exposing fish to the toxicant at sublethal concentration of 5.6mg/L at 16°C. Values of 18.19, 17.21, 16.68, and 15.13mg/L, were obtained as LC50 after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-exposing fish to the toxicant, respectively. Levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocyte count (WBC), lymphocyte and monocyte were significantly lower in the exposed fish than control fish (p0.05). The obtained results show that although diazinon can be classified as a slight toxic chemical for grass carp, the toxicant negatively affects some immunophysiological functions of the fish including immunocompent cells

Optimization of morphology and geometry of encapsulated Hypophthalmichthys molitrix oil

In the present study, the effect of stirring speed and the type of cross linking agent on the size and formation of microencapsulated Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) oil were investigated. The gelatin/gum Arabic was used for encapsulating and the capsules were prepared by complex coacervation. Microcapsules were analyzed by optical microscopy technique and particle size analyzer. Results suggested the use of glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent instead of formaldehyde can caused the Microcapsules become spherical shape, smooth surface with no obvious dents and narrower particle size distribution. The average particle sizes were 537.2±0.8 μm, 84.4±0.5 μm, 12.98±0.4 μm, 8.24±0.5 μm, and 4±0.7 μm at the homogenization stirring speed of 100, 300, 500, 750 and 1000 rpm respectively. The best conditions of experiment were with 25% glutaraldehyde at 1000 rpm of stirring speed

Chemiluminescent response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) following exposure to sublethal concentrations of diazinon

Chemiluminescent response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was assessed to determine the effect of various concentrations of diazinon on the phagocytosis of grass carp in order to evaluate the fish immunity after exposure to this toxic chemical. One hundred and twenty specimens with individual weight of 850±155g were exposed to various concentrations of diazinon at 1, 2 and 4mg/L provided as a bath for 12 hours at 20±2°C in Institute of the Caspian Sea Ecology, Sari in 2003. Maximal values of spontaneous chemiluminescent responses (SCL) were found in all experimental fish only on days 1 and 7 post-exposing to the toxicant compared to control one (p0.05). Generally, the level of chemiluminescent response activated by zymosan (CRAZ) at all concentrations of toxicant were significantly higher than control group after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post-exposure to the toxicant (p<0.05)