Distributed Control Approaches for Power Systems

The energy industry is undergoing through a reconstruction from a monopolistic electricity market to a more open and transactive one. The next ­generation grid is a level playing field in terms of electricity transactions, where all customers have an equal opportunity. The emerging concepts of electricity prosumers are expected to have a significant impact on the retail electricity market. As a result, there is an urgent need to control the interactions among numerous consumers and pro­sumers. The existing control approaches can be divided into three categories, namely, centralized control, decentralized control, and distributed control. The majority of existing literature focuses on the centralized control. In most cases, the dedicated communication links are required to ex­change data between the central controller and the local agents. The centralized control approaches are suitable for relatively small­-scale systems without reconstructing the existing communication and control networks. However, as the number of consumers and prosumers are increasing to hun­dreds of thousands, there are some technical barriers on the centralized control-­based economic operations such as heavy computation burden and single point of failure. The decentralized control is an intermediate solution to address the above mentioned challenges. The overall objective is to maximize the benefits of local agents and there is no guarantee that the decisions made by each local agents can contribute to the global optimal decision of the entire system. The distributed control has the potential to solve the economic operation problems of multiple consumers and prosumers. Lo­cal agents can share information through two-­way communication links in order to find the global optimal decision. Application of distributed control methods in power system increase system’s scalability, alleviate monopoly and monopsony, improve the privacy and distribute computational load among various entities.Ph.D.College of Engineering & Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan-Dearbornhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151932/1/Hajir Pourbabak Final Dissertation.pdfDescription of Hajir Pourbabak Final Dissertation.pdf : Dissertatio

Distributed cooperative control for economic operation of multiple plug‐in electric vehicle parking decks

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138231/1/etep2348.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138231/2/etep2348_am.pd

Fully distributed AC power flow (ACPF) algorithm for distribution systems

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163883/1/stg2bf00044.pd

PREVALENCE OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA AND OTHER INTESTINAL PARASITES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AND ITS RELATION TO RESIDENCE PLACE, SEX AND BLOOD GROUP IN ILAM COUNTY OF IRAN

1711' object of this study was to determine the prevalence oj asymptomatic infestation with Giardia lamblia lind other intestinal parasites in children of urban anti rural communities oj /lam county and its relation with dwelling place, sex and blood grollp!.. 77w study designed as (l five-month pUTasitoulgica! .m,..£!)' oj fecal ami blood specimens from humans anti performed in 10 urban hcalih-trcatmcru clinics of llam city, two urban health treatment clinics of Eyvun city, two rural health-treatment clinics oj Chavar and Sartaf villages, llam province west of fran, 17,e examined population was preschool {, to 7 year-old children without any 'gastrointestinal compliarus. Prevalence oj infestation in subject grOllp W(l."' 32.54% (n=3100). Among intestinal parasites' G. lambliu with 85.43o/c (27.8% oj all, n=JO(JI)) prevalence rate was the most common. Infestation with 11. nnrm with 1'/.93% and E. coli with 3.07';, were in the second and third ranks, respectively, Infestation shows a distinct relationship with gender (P<0.05) and dwelling place, but it lacks a significant relation with blood groups. This study ."lIOWS that the prevalence of intestinal infestation in 6 to 7 year old child oj llam county hi equivalent to the top oj tile line oj the statistical percentage all over the world. 17,e relation between the severity oj infestation and residence place may arouse the suspicion oj sever contamination oj imbibing water

Data for: Microscopic Investigation of As Built and Hot Isostatic Pressed Hastelloy X Processed by Selective Laser Melting

Figure 2 (b) AB sample ACOM-TEMFigure 3 (a) EDX map raw dataFigure 4 (b) HIP sample ACOM-TEMFigure 4 (f) EDX map raw dat

Influence of Nano- and Microstructural Features and Defects in Fine-Grained Ni-Ti on the Thermal and Mechanical Reversibility of the Martensitic Transformation

The main properties of Ni-Ti alloys, i.e., shape memory and superelasticity, are used in engineering applications usually through a cyclic shape recovery during thermal or strain cycling, respectively. As these properties originate from the martensitic transformation, the functional stability of the material depends on the reversibility of this martensitic transformation. Therefore, the reversibility of martensitic transformation for Ni-Ti material under thermal cycling was investigated for bulk and micro-wire Ni-Ti. In the first part of this work the effect of low temperature thermal cycling combined with room and elevated temperature aging on the martensitic transformation of some bulk and micro-wire Ni-Ti samples was studied. The cluster model was used to interpret strong structured diffuse intensities condensed in specific periodic loci in selected area electron diffraction patterns which revealed the formation of micro-domains in the shape of needle clusters of pure Ni atoms. Quantitative comparison between samples with and without a differential scanning calorimetry cycle revealed that the more DSC cycles a sample has received, the more condensed the diffuse intensity becomes which is expected to be caused by longer Ni clusters and enhancement of short-range ordering. A novel method to use a conventional twin-jet electropolishing apparatus for thin wires was also introduced. In the second part of this work in-situ transmission electron microscopy tensile tests on nano-scale single crystals and polycrystalline Ni-Ti specimens was performed. The formation of stress-induced martensite was observed and stress-strain curves were plotted based on the obtained mechanical data. The stress plateau height shows an increase by decreasing specimen thickness but remains independent of the grain size since the latter is, on average, larger than the specimen thickness. Martensitic transformation starts at edges of the specimen for the single crystal and on the edges and grain boundaries for the polycrystalline specimen. When a martensite plate approaches a grain boundary in the polycrystalline specimen, it provokes the transformation in the neighboring grain at the other side of the grain boundary. After releasing the load, depending on the totally induced strain, some residual martensite remains in the specimen indicating the existence of induced plasticity in the martensite at large strains. In-situ TEM observation of the formation and propagation of a Lüders-like band is reported for the first time.status: publishe

Data for: Microscopic Investigation of As Built and Hot Isostatic Pressed Hastelloy X Processed by Selective Laser Melting

Figure 2 (b) AB sample ACOM-TEMFigure 4 (b) HIP sample ACOM-TEMTable 1 Hardnes