Efficacy of closed reduction surgery on treatment of nasal bone fracture in admitted patients to Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Kerman, Iran

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nasal fracture is one of the most common facial fractures and the main goal of this study was evaluation of closed reduction surgery of nasal bone fractures. METHODS: Thirty six patients including 24 male and 12 female patients suffered from nasal bone fractures were treated by closed reduction method. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic scans were analyzed by an expert panel. Statistical methods including chi-square, Fisher's exact test and regression were used to evaluate the relationship between age, sex and type of trauma and to evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction technique. RESULTS: Type of trauma, age and sex had not any effect on closed reduction efficacy. We had 36.1% complete success rate (nearly complete anatomic reduction), 36.1% favorable success rate (acceptable non-anatomic reduction) and 27.8% absolute failure (no acceptable reduction) after treatment of nasal bone fractures by closed reduction method. CONCLUSION: Closed nasal reduction is the most commonly used technique for a fractured nose, but it has high degree of failure of treatment, so when choosing the closed reduction method for treatment of nasal bone fractures, appropriate radiography must be taken for meticulous evaluation to reducing the complications. KEYWORDS: Nasal Fracture; Trauma; Treatment; Bon

The impact of laminate veneer restoration on oral health-related quality of life: A case series study

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Laminate veneer restorations exhibit excellent ability to reproduce the natural teeth regarding esthetic and biomechanics. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of laminate veneers on oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). METHODS: In this case series study, the impact of treatment on OHQol was measured using the standard questionnaire OHIP-14. This tool was applied to 19 patients who visited the private office of restorative and cosmetic specialist before and six months after treatment. RESULTS: The maximum score recorded by Oral Health Impact Profile-14 was 34 before treatment, with 31 after treatment. The average score decreased from 13.1 ± 9.44 (before treatment) to 12 ± 10.6 (after treatment). Comparison of the frequencies of patient’s responses to OHQoL suggested that changes in OHQoL for question number 4 (uncomfortable to eat food) and question number 9 (difficult to relax) were significant, respectively (P = 0.03, P = 0.02) and for question number 10 (feeling embarrassed) were nearly significant (P = 0.07). Nineteen subjects in this study exhibited improvement in OHQoL. CONCLUSION: Esthetic dental treatment using laminate veneers would significantly affect OHQoL enhancement in some aspects. KEYWORDS: Oral Health; Quality of Life; Cosmetic Dentistry; Laminate Venee

Occupational Stress and Coping Behaviours Among Dentists in Kerman, Iran

Objectives: Recognising causes of stress can help prevent associated adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate causes of occupational stress and coping behaviours among general dentists in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from April to December 2014. A modified version of the Occupational Stress Indicator questionnaire was used to assess causes of stress and coping behaviours among 142 general dentists in Kerman, Iran. Results: A total of 93 dentists participated in the study (response rate: 65.5%). Of these, 58.9% reported often being stressed. The mean general stress score was 63.33 ± 19.99. The most common causes of stress were maintaining high levels of concentration while working (65.6%), time pressures (64.5%), concern over their ability to deliver dental services in future (60.2%) and rising costs (59.1%). No significant relationships between stress and gender, age, workplace or working hours per week were noted (P >0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between general stress scores and years of job experience (P = 0.05) and number of patients treated daily (P = 0.03). The most common methods for coping with stress were resting (71.0%), sports (45.2%) and entertainment (43.0%). Most dentists felt that stress management courses could help to reduce stress (89.7%). Conclusion: General dentists in Kerman were subject to many sources of stress in their workplaces, with significant relationships between stress scores and years of work experience and number of patients treated daily. Dentists should be encouraged to participate in stress management courses to help alleviate stress

Evaluation of health status of first permanent molar teeth among 12-year-old students in rural areas of south of Kerman, Iran, 2016

BACKGROUND AND AIM: First permanent molar (FPM) has an important role in occlusion and biting. FPM is susceptible to dental caries due to early growth. The objective of this study was an evaluation of oral health status of FPM in terms of decayed/missing/filled teeth 6 (DMFT6) among 12-year-old children in rural areas of southern cities in Kerman, Iran. METHODS: This analytical/cross-sectional study was performed in 2016 on 564, 12-year-old students (281 girls and 283 boys). Students were randomly selected from 32 different villages of southern cities of Kerman. The DMFT index was determined using the standard method suggested by World Health Organization (WHO). The trained dentist recorded data of DMFT index and oral health status in checklist form. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: The frequency of FPM dental caries of students was 53.12-66.04%. There was no significant difference in mean of DMFT6 among students in rural areas of 7 cities in the south of Kerman, but it was greatest in Ghaleganj (2.60) and lowest in Jiroft (1.97), respectively. Girls had more carries than boys (DMFT6 2.43 vs. 2.13) but it was not significant (P = 0.08). There was a little amount of sealant or filled FPM (0.58%). 26.24% of students had a toothbrush. 19.14% of them brushed their teeth equal or more than once daily and 37.41% of them knew that the first molar is a permanent tooth. CONCLUSION: Study showed a high rate of caries in FPMs in 12-year-old children and poor knowledge and performance in relation to these teeth. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to provide health, educational and dental treatment services for villages in the south of Kerman province, Iran. KEYWORDS: Students; Oral Health; Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth Index; Molar; Permanen

Short-term effect of two education methods on oral health among hearing impairment children

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Poor oral health among children with impaired hearing has been reported frequently due to lack of communication skills and effective health educations. In this study, we assessed the effect of two training methods on short-term oral health outcomes among children with impaired hearing. METHODS: In this experimental study, 80 hearing impairment (HI) student aged 7-19 years old were randomized into two groups, one group watched a guided training video and the other group was educated by a dental model. The training sessions were weekly and continued for 1 month. A trained dentist examined all participants using O’Leary plaque index (PI) at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month visits. RESULTS: At baseline, the difference between the mean O’Leary PI in the video training and dental model training groups was not significant (34.3% vs. 35.6%). In the video training group, sharp decrease was seen at the 1-month visit (reinforcement periods), i.e., 18.7% (P = 0.001), followed by a slight increase at the 3-month visit (non-reinforcement periods), i.e., 19.1% (P = 0.100), respectively. On the other hand, in the dental model, a decreasing trend was seen 24.7% at 1-month (reinforcement periods) and 19.9% (P = 0.001) at 3-month visits (non-reinforcement periods). Overall, there were no significant differences between the two methods of training (P = 0.300). CONCLUSION: Both video and dental model effectively improve the oral health of children with HI in short term. Continuous school-based oral health education programs, particularly for HI children, need to be considered. KEYWORDS: Hearing Impairment; Plaque Index; Oral Health; Educatio

Review of Journals about Environmental and Occupational Health

Health in workforce leads to economic success and population health. It is essential that the results of research about the work environment and occupational health be published in relevant journals. The aim of this study was to review specialized journals about the work environment and occupational health field.This descriptive study was conducted in 2018. The Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) portal was used to search for the journals related to occupational health. NLM catalog of the PubMed database was searched to find and characterize journals. In the initial search, 508 titles of journals were found in the SJR portal in the public health, Environmental and Occupational Health field from which 38 specific journals publish articles related to environmental and occupational health. United States with 11 journals and the United Kingdom with 9 journals publish the maximum number of specific journals. Taylor & Francis Company publish most of these journals and only eight of them are open access. Five of these eight journals are published in Asia. Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal has a higher impact factor (IF=3.965). The oldest journal began publication in 1949. Articles on environmental and occupational health are published in public health journals and specialized journals. Researchers can select the best journal related to environmental and occupational health to publish articles and the authors can publish their articles in any of the journals of this list, depending on the quality, time, place of research and the budget of the study

Efficacy of closed reduction surgery on treatment of nasal bone fracture in admitted patients to Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Kerman, Iran

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nasal fracture is one of the most common facial fractures and the main goal of this study was\ud evaluation of closed reduction surgery of nasal bone fractures.\ud METHODS: Thirty six patients including 24 male and 12 female patients suffered from nasal bone fractures were treated\ud by closed reduction method. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic scans were analyzed by an expert\ud panel. Statistical methods including chi-square, Fisher's exact test and regression were used to evaluate the relationship\ud between age, sex and type of trauma and to evaluate the efficacy of closed reduction technique.\ud RESULTS: Type of trauma, age and sex had not any effect on closed reduction efficacy. We had 36.1% complete success\ud rate (nearly complete anatomic reduction), 36.1% favorable success rate (acceptable non-anatomic reduction) and\ud 27.8% absolute failure (no acceptable reduction) after treatment of nasal bone fractures by closed reduction method.\ud CONCLUSION: Closed nasal reduction is the most commonly used technique for a fractured nose, but it has high degree\ud of failure of treatment, so when choosing the closed reduction method for treatment of nasal bone fractures, appropriate\ud radiography must be taken for meticulous evaluation to reducing the complications

Suicidal Self-Burning in Women and Men Around the World: A Cultural and Gender Analysis of Patterns and Explanations

Self-burning is a violent suicide method with high morbidity and mortality. In some regions it is most common among women and in other regions among men. This pattern is consistent with a foundational idea in suicide-scripts theory (Canetto, 1997) – specifically, that the typical suicidal individual and suicide method vary by culture. Women’s predominance, in some regions, among the suicidal self-burning challenges many myths about gender and suicide, including the idea that women always avoid disfiguring, painful, and highly lethal methods. A common script in terms of the motivation and meanings of suicidal self-burning is that it is a way to protest against social injustices and persecution. In the case of women, the social injustices and persecution are institutionally enabled but typically perpetrated by close family. The social injustice context and the protest message of women’s suicidal self-burning are well-articulated in the literature but are often lost when the situation is summarized as a family problem or a mental health issue. The social injustices and persecution associated with men’s suicidal self-burning typically involve distant institutions, such as the government. The social injustice and protest framework remains central to the dominant narrative of men’s suicidal self-burning. Questions about personal (e.g., mental health) difficulties potentially contributing to men’s suicidal self-burning are not asked. To correct these gender biases in the suicidal self-burning literature, we recommend privileging attention to social factors in theory, research, and the prevention of women’s suicidal self-burning; and to psychological and close relationship factors in theory, research, and the prevention of men’s self-burning