Unilateral Blindness in a Patient Following Root Canal Treatment

Root canal treatment is a dental procedure that relieves pain caused by an infected or abscessed tooth. It is one of the safest and most successful dental procedures. However, the patient may face unexpected complications during or after the procedure in certain rare conditions. The ocular complication is among these conditions. In the present work, we present a case of a 45-year-old male patient who suffered from pain and unilateral blindness after root canal treatment. He was referred to Basir eye clinic for a visual evoked potential test as part of his eye examination to reach an accurate diagnosis

Far Distance Blurry Vision Following Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty surgery changes the shape of the nose. The motivation for rhinoplasty may be to change the appearance of the nose, improve breathing, or both. A 25-year-old patient was referred to the Basir clinic for a visual evoked potential (VEP) examination. The patient complained from far distance blurry vision after rhinoplasty. Her magnetic resonance imaging (HRI) and VEP examination were normal. The present work explains her case

Bilateral Vision Loss in a Patient Following Cardiac Surgery

Cardiac surgery describes any surgical procedure involving the heart or the blood vessels carrying blood to and from it. It is usually a safe surgery regarding the visual system; however, in rare cases, due to certain complications, a devasting consequence occurs, leading to total blindness in patients. In this regard, a central vision loss in a 62-year-old patient following cardiovascular surgery is reported

Visual Evoked Potential Recording in a Fatigued and Drowsy Patient under Anti-Seizure Medicine Treatment

The visual evoked potential is an electrophysiological technique to screen visual pathway disturbances. A quite fatigued and drowsy patient due to anti-epileptic drug therapy suffering from diplopia was tested for visual evoked potential with pattern reversal stimulation. The result was not reliable; thus, flash stimulation was applied. The optimal result was obtained considering both types of stimulations

Blurred Vision in a Patient Suffering from Endometriosis and Epilepsy

A 25-year-old lady was referred to Basir eye clinic for the visual evoked potential examination. Her medical history showed she had endometriosis and epilepsy, for which she used dienogest and carbamazepine. Certain drugs produce visual disturbances, which can be diagnosed based on the visual evoked potential examination

Retinal Screening of Patients Suffering from Bardet – Biedl Syndrome Using Electroretinography

Background: Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a complex genetic disorder that affects various systems in the body, including the visual system. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of BBS on the retina using Electroretinography (ERG). Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 10 BBS patients (6 males and 4 females) aged between 12 and 20 years were selected as the case group. Additionally, 10 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals with normal retinal function were included as the control group. ERG recordings were performed to measure the amplitude (µV) and latency (msec) of the ERG b-wave in both groups. Results: The mean age of the case group was 15.4 ± 3.06 years, and it was 15 ± 2.78 years in the control group. The mean visual acuity in the case group was 0.49 ± 0.14 (LogMAR), significantly different from the control group with a mean visual acuity of 0 ± 0 (LogMAR). The difference in visual acuity was statistically significant between the two groups. Furthermore, the case group showed significantly lower amplitude and higher latency of the ERG b-wave peak compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Bardet-Biedl Syndrome has adverse effects on the visual system, particularly the retina, resulting in a decrease in amplitude and an increase in the latency of the ERG b-wave. These findings indicate impaired retinal function in BBS patients, highlighting the importance of early detection and management of retinal abnormalities in individuals affected by this rare genetic disorder

An institutional analysis of tourism business environment and entrepreneurship of Iran

The analysis of the quality of the business environment and tourism entrepreneurship is one of the most important preconditions for improving the tourism business environment. In this regard, the new institutional economy, which focuses on the institutional environment, interprets the relations of tourist actors, which undeniable influence of government, laws and governance structure is undeniable. In this research, an explanation of the factors influencing the institutional environment of the tourism sector has been attempted with the concept of institutionalism and a qualitative approach (thematic analysis). Therefore, through in-depth interviews with 24 economic and tourism experts, institutional factors affecting the business environment and tourism entrepreneurship were identified and explained. The results of the research identified three main themes: the legal system, government policies and science and technology with their sub-themes, It was identified that the business environment of tourism is affected by them and the management and organization..