Proanthocyanidins from Ribes nigrum leaves : TLC Analysis

peer reviewedIn summary, the main oligomeric prodelphinidins of Ribes nigrum leaves can be identified by HPTLC; this method could also be utilized as a proanthocyanidin screen for determining their occurrence in other plants and for quantification of the major dimers

Evidence for Active Control of Rectus Extraocular Muscle Pulleys

PURPOSE. Connective tissue structures constrain paths of the rectus extraocular muscles (EOMs), acting as pulleys and serving as functional EOM origins. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of orbital and global EOM layers to pulleys and kinematic implications of this anatomy. METHODS. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to define the anterior paths of rectus EOMs, as influenced by gaze direction in living subjects. Pulley tissues were examined at cadaveric dissections and surgical exposures. Human and monkey orbits were step and serially sectioned for histologic staining to distinguish EOM fiber layers in relationship to pulleys. RESULTS. MRI consistently demonstrated gaze-related shifts in the anteroposterior locations of human EOM path inflections, as well as shifts in components of the pulleys themselves. Histologic studies of human and monkey orbits confirmed gross examinations and surgical exposures to indicate that the orbital layer of each rectus EOM inserts on its corresponding pulley, rather than on the globe. Only the global layer of the EOM inserts on the sclera. This dual insertion was visualized in vivo by MRI in human horizontal rectus EOMs. CONCLUSIONS. The authors propose the active-pulley hypothesis: By dual insertions the global layer of each rectus EOM rotates the globe while the orbital layer inserts on its pulley to position it linearly and thus influence the EOM's rotational axis. Pulley locations may also be altered in convergence. This overall arrangement is parsimoniously suited to account for numerous aspects of ocular dynamics and kinematics, including Listing's law. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41: 1280 -1290 I nitial attempts to mathematically model binocular alignment showed the importance to extraocular muscle (EOM) action of EOM paths and the pivotal mechanical role of orbital connective tissues. The need for EOM path data motivated early radiographic studies in monkeys 1 and humans, 2 suggesting that paths of rectus EOMs are stabilized relative to the orbit. A decade ago, Miller 3 used relatively low-resolution MRI with three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction to demonstrate stability of rectus EOM belly paths throughout the oculomotor range

Evidence for Active Control of Rectus Extraocular Muscle Pulleys

PURPOSE. Connective tissue structures constrain paths of the rectus extraocular muscles (EOMs), acting as pulleys and serving as functional EOM origins. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of orbital and global EOM layers to pulleys and kinematic implications of this anatomy. METHODS. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to define the anterior paths of rectus EOMs, as influenced by gaze direction in living subjects. Pulley tissues were examined at cadaveric dissections and surgical exposures. Human and monkey orbits were step and serially sectioned for histologic staining to distinguish EOM fiber layers in relationship to pulleys. RESULTS. MRI consistently demonstrated gaze-related shifts in the anteroposterior locations of human EOM path inflections, as well as shifts in components of the pulleys themselves. Histologic studies of human and monkey orbits confirmed gross examinations and surgical exposures to indicate that the orbital layer of each rectus EOM inserts on its corresponding pulley, rather than on the globe. Only the global layer of the EOM inserts on the sclera. This dual insertion was visualized in vivo by MRI in human horizontal rectus EOMs. CONCLUSIONS. The authors propose the active-pulley hypothesis: By dual insertions the global layer of each rectus EOM rotates the globe while the orbital layer inserts on its pulley to position it linearly and thus influence the EOM's rotational axis. Pulley locations may also be altered in convergence. This overall arrangement is parsimoniously suited to account for numerous aspects of ocular dynamics and kinematics, including Listing's law. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41: 1280 -1290 I nitial attempts to mathematically model binocular alignment showed the importance to extraocular muscle (EOM) action of EOM paths and the pivotal mechanical role of orbital connective tissues. The need for EOM path data motivated early radiographic studies in monkeys 1 and humans, 2 suggesting that paths of rectus EOMs are stabilized relative to the orbit. A decade ago, Miller 3 used relatively low-resolution MRI with three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction to demonstrate stability of rectus EOM belly paths throughout the oculomotor range

An Experimental Method for Stereolithic Mandible Fabrication and Image Preparation

Reproduction of anatomical structures by rapid prototyping has proven to be a valid adjunct for craniofacial surgery, providing alternative methods to produce prostheses and development of surgical guides. The aim of this study was to introduce a methodology to fabricate asymmetric human mandibles by rapid prototyping to be used in future studies for evaluating mandibular symmetries. Stereolithic models of human mandibles were produced with varying amounts of asymmetry in the condylar neck, ramus and body of the mandible by means of rapid prototyping. A method for production of the synthetic mandibles was defined. Model preparation, landmark description and development of the experimental model were described. A series of synthetic mandibles ranging in asymmetry were accurately produced from a scanned human mandible. A method for creating the asymmetries, fabricating, coating and landmarking the synthetic mandibles was formulated. A description for designing a reproducible experimental model for image acquisition was also outlined. Production of synthetic mandibles by stereolithic modeling is a viable method for creating skeletal experimental models with known amounts of asymmetry

Inventaris van de verzameling Kerk en Staat in het Aartsbisschoppelijk Archief te Mechelen (16de-18de eeuw)

nrpages: 180status: publishe

EURHISFIRM Data and Sources Documentation

This XML-file contains the Data Documentation Initiative (DDI 3.2) metadata of selected historical printed serial sources (stock exchange price lists and yearbooks) and datasets collected by EURHISFIRM Working Package 4 during Task 4.4. The data documentation is discussed in detail in EURHISFIRM Deliverable D4.4

Cambrinus uitgedaagd: verschuivingen in de consumptie en distributie van dranken in het achttiende-eeuwse Hasselt

This article focuses on the challenges the traditional beer-selling innkeepers faced when in the course of the eighteenth century consumer preferences gradually shifted from beer to distilled liquors and hot, colonial beverages. Due to the emergence of gin- and coffeehouses, public houses were flourishing in the county of Flanders and the duchy of Brabant, but not in the town of Hasselt. Although the consumption of gin also increased sharply after 1770, corporate regulation and the emergence of an important distilling industry prevented innkeepers from incorporating the new drinks in their businesses. The decreasing demand for beer among the lower classes combined with the town governments policy of beer price regulation caused the overall number of inns to decline.status: publishe

Cambrinus uitgedaagd. Verschuivingen in de consumptie en distributie van dranken in het achttiende-eeuwse Hasselt

This article focuses on the challenges the traditional beer-selling innkeepers faced when in the course of the eighteenth century consumer preferences gradually shifted from beer to distilled liquors and hot, colonial beverages. Due to the emergence of gin- and coffeehouses, public houses were flourishing in the county of Flanders and the duchy of Brabant, but not in the town of Hasselt. Although the consumption of gin also increased sharply after 1770, corporate regulation and the emergence of an important distilling industry prevented innkeepers from incorporating the new drinks in their businesses. The decreasing demand for beer among the lower classes combined with the town governments policy of beer price regulation caused the overall number of inns to decline.status: publishe