Governing Massachusetts Public Schools: Assessing the 1993 Massachusetts Education Reform Act

The Massachusetts Education Reform Act of 1993 created a number of important changes in public education. In the area of local governance, the act was guided by a corporate model in which authority and responsibilities were reallocated among school committees, superintendents, principals, and newly created school councils. School committees in particular assumed a policymaking role, and superintendents became the chief executive officers of their school districts. This article, based on responses to a mail survey, is an early assessment of the act\u27s governance changes. Superintendents are most satisfied with their role, especially their authority over principals and teachers. School committee members are least satisfied with the changes, although they still provide general support for the goals of the act. Although they are concerned about their job security under the new system, principals are supportive. A comparison of the corporate model of governance with political leadership and shared governance models indicates that two important challenges lie ahead: developing support from other local political leaders and fostering a cooperative environment among local governance actors

Cultivar Evaluation of Three Primocane-Fruiting Blackberry Selections from Arkansas and Grown in Iowa

Blackberries are a common seasonal fruit in southern Midwestern states and have potential in the Iowa markets as a berry crop. However, most floricane-fruiting blackberry cultivars do not possess sufficient winter hardiness for Iowa climatic conditions and growers may loose the fruit crop when cold temperatures damage floricanes. The introduction of primocane-fruiting blackberries helps to alleviate the risk of low temperature injury to the floricanes and extends the blackberry fruiting season into the fall. However, the fruits of primocane-fruiting cultivars need to mature before fall frosts occur. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fruiting potential of three primocane-fruiting blackberry selections that were bred at the University of Arkansas by Dr. John Clark and were grown outdoors in Iowa

Cultivar Evaluation of Three Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Selections in Iowa

Winter hardiness is a major concern of Iowa bramble growers because cold temperatures damage floricanes of blackberry plants. The introduction of primocane-fruiting blackberries helps to alleviate the risk of low temperature injury to the floricanes and extends the blackberry fruiting season into the fall. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fruiting potential of three primocane-fruiting, thorny, blackberry selections grown outdoors in Iowa that were bred at the University of Arkansas by John Clark

Cultivar Evaluation of Three Primocane-fruiting Blackberry Selections in Iowa

Winter hardiness is a major concern of Iowa bramble growers because cold temperatures damage floricanes of blackberry plants. The introduction of primocane-fruiting blackberries helps to alleviate the risk of low temperature injury to the floricanes and extends the blackberry fruiting season into the fall. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fruiting potential of three primocane-fruiting, thorny, blackberry selections grown outdoors in Iowa that were bred at the University of Arkansas by John Clark.</p

Cultivar Evaluation of Three Primocane-Fruiting Blackberry Selections from Arkansas and Grown in Iowa

Blackberries are a common seasonal fruit in southern Midwestern states and have potential in the Iowa markets as a berry crop. However, most floricane-fruiting blackberry cultivars do not possess sufficient winter hardiness for Iowa climatic conditions and growers may loose the fruit crop when cold temperatures damage floricanes. The introduction of primocane-fruiting blackberries helps to alleviate the risk of low temperature injury to the floricanes and extends the blackberry fruiting season into the fall. However, the fruits of primocane-fruiting cultivars need to mature before fall frosts occur. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fruiting potential of three primocane-fruiting blackberry selections that were bred at the University of Arkansas by Dr. John Clark and were grown outdoors in Iowa.</p