132 research outputs found
Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction : a narrative review
Sepsis represents a deranged and exaggerated systemic inflammatory response to infection and is associated with vascular and metabolic abnormalities that trigger systemic organic dysfunction. Mitochondrial function has been shown to be severely impaired during the early phase of critical illness, with a reduction in biogenesis, increased generation of reactive oxygen species and a decrease in adenosine triphosphate synthesis of up to 50%. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be assessed using mitochondrial DNA concentration and respirometry assays, particularly in peripheral mononuclear cells. Isolation of monocytes and lymphocytes seems to be the most promising strategy for measuring mitochondrial activity in clinical settings because of the ease of collection, sample processing, and clinical relevance of the association between metabolic alterations and deficient immune responses in mononuclear cells. Studies have reported alterations in these variables in patients with sepsis compared with healthy controls and non-septic patients. However, few studies have explored the association between mitochondrial dysfunction in immune mononuclear cells and unfavorable clinical outcomes. An improvement in mitochondrial parameters in sepsis could theoretically serve as a biomarker of clinical recovery and response to oxygen and vasopressor therapies as well as reveal unexplored pathophysiological mechanistic targets. These features highlight the need for further studies on mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells as a feasible tool to evaluate patients in intensive care settings. The evaluation of mitochondrial metabolism is a promising tool for the evaluation and management of critically ill patients, especially those with sepsis. In this article, we explore the pathophysiological aspects, main methods of measurement, and the main studies in this field
Ensino de BioquĂmica atravĂ©s de memes: relato de experiĂȘncia no curso de Nutrição da UFRGS
Capsicum baccatum red pepper prevents cardiometabolic risk in rats fed with an ultra-processed diet
Metabolic syndrome is a serious health condition reaching epidemic proportions worldwide and is closely linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular problems. The lack of appropriate treatment paves the way for developing new therapeutic agents as a high priority in the current research. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of Capsicum baccatum red pepper on metabolic syndrome scenarios induced by an ultra-processed diet in rats. After four months, the ultra-processed diet increased central obesity, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol plasma levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. The oral administration of C. baccatum concomitantly with the ultra-processed diet avoided the accumulation of adipose tissue in the visceral region, reduced the total cholesterol and LDL fraction, and improved glucose homeostasis, factors commonly associated with metabolic syndrome. The data presented herein reveal an important preventive action of C. baccatum in developing metabolic disorders among animals fed a hypercaloric diet, significantly reducing their cardiometabolic risk. Allied with the absence of toxic effects after chronic use, our study suggests C. baccatum red pepper as a secure and enriched source of bioactive compounds promising to protect against pathological processes associated with metabolic syndrome
The potential therapeutic effect of guanosine after cortical focal ischemia in rats
Background and Purpose: Stroke is a devastating disease. Both excitotoxicity and oxidative stress play important roles in ischemic brain injury, along with harmful impacts on ischemic cerebral tissue. As guanosine plays an important neuroprotective role in the central nervous system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of guanosine and putative cerebral events following the onset of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Methods: Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by thermocoagulation. Guanosine was administered immediately, 1 h, 3 h and 6 h after surgery. Behavioral performance was evaluated by cylinder testing for a period of 15 days after surgery. Brain oxidative stress parameters, including levels of ROS/RNS, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant nonenzymatic levels (GSH, vitamin C) and enzymatic parameters (SOD expression and activity and CAT activity), as well as glutamatergic parameters (EAAC1, GLAST and GLT1, glutamine synthetase) were analyzed. Results: After 24 h, ischemic injury resulted in impaired function of the forelimb, caused brain infarct and increased lipid peroxidation. Treatment with guanosine restored these parameters. Oxidative stress markers were affected by ischemic insult, demonstrated by increased ROS/RNS levels, increased SOD expression with reduced SOD activity and decreased nonenzymatic (GSH and vitamin C) antioxidant defenses. Guanosine prevented increased ROS/RNS levels, decreased SOD activity, further increased SOD expression, increased CAT activity and restored vitamin C levels. Ischemia also affected glutamatergic parameters, illustrated by increased EAAC1 levels and decreased GLT1 levels; guanosine reversed the decreased GLT1 levels and did not affect the EAAC1 levels. Conclusion: The effects of brain ischemia were strongly attenuated by guanosine administration. The cellular mechanisms involved in redox and glutamatergic homeostasis, which were both affected by the ischemic insult, were also modulated by guanosine. These observations reveal that guanosine may represent a potential therapeutic agent in cerebral ischemia by preventing oxidative stress and excitotoxicity
A suplementação com decanoato de nandrolona melhora eficiĂȘncia bioenergĂ©tica e fluxo autofĂĄgico cerebral de camundongos envelhecidos
Mortality of septic shock patients is associated with impaired mitochondrial oxidative coupling efficiency in lymphocytes : a prospective cohort study
Background: Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that challenges immune cells to reprogram their mitochondrial metabolism towards to increase ATP synthesis for building an appropriate immunity. This could print metabolic signatures in mitochondria whose association with disease progression and clinical outcomes remain elusive. Method: This is a single-center prospective cohort study performed in the ICU of one tertiary referral hospital in Brazil. Between November 2017 and July 2018, 90 consecutive patients, aged 18 years or older, admitted to the ICU with septic shock were enrolled. Seventy-five patients had Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS 3) assessed at admission, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) assessed on the first (D1) and third (D3) days after admission. Mitochondrial respiration linked to complexes I, II, V, and biochemical coupling efficiency (BCE) were assessed at D1 and D3 and Î (D3âD1) in isolated lymphocytes. Clinical and mitochondrial endpoints were used to dichotomize the survival and death outcomes. Our primary outcome was 6-month mortality, and secondary outcomes were ICU and hospital ward mortality. Results: The mean SAPS 3 and SOFA scores at septic shock diagnosis were 75.8 (±â12.9) and 8 (±â3) points, respectively. The cumulative ICU, hospital ward, and 6-month mortality were 32 (45%), 43 (57%), and 50 (66%), respectively. At the ICU, non-surviving patients presented elevated arterial lactate (2.8 mmol/L, IQR, 2â4), C-reactive protein (220 mg/L, IQR, 119â284), and capillary refill time (5.5 s, IQR, 3â8). Respiratory rates linked to CII at D1 and D3, and ÎCII were decreased in non-surviving patients. Also, the BCE at D1 and D3 and the ÎBCE discriminated patients who would evolve to death in the ICU, hospital ward, and 6 months after admission. After adjusting for possible confounders, the ÎBCE value but not SOFA scores was independently associated with 6-month mortality (RR 0.38, CI 95% 0.18â0.78; Pâ=â0.009). At a cut-off of â 0.002, ÎBCE displayed 100% sensitivity and 73% specificity for predicting 6-month mortality. Conclusions: The ÎBCE signature in lymphocytes provided an earlier recognition of septic shock patients in the ICU at risk of long-term deterioration of health status
AnĂĄlise dos efeitos do exercĂcio fĂsico sobre a atividade de nucleotidases presentes em soro humano
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Aumento de S100B no lĂquido amniĂłtico em gestaçÔes com fetos portadores de sĂndrome de Down
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Efeitos da nandrolona e da ceftriaxona na homeostasia glutamatérgica e mitocondrial e no comportamento agressivo
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