42 research outputs found
SEU Evaluation of Hardened-by-Replication Software in RISC-V Soft Processor
The interest of the space industry around soft processors is increasing. However, the advantages in terms of costs and customizability provided by soft processors are countered by the reliability issues deriving by Single Event
Effects, especially Single Event Upsets. Several techniques have been proposed to tackle these issues, both at the hardware- and software levels. Software approaches rely on replicating data and computations to cope with SEUs affecting the memory where the binary code is stored. Thanks to open licenses, RISCV solutions are steadily growing in popularity among the set of available soft processors. In this works, we present a reliability evaluation of four different benchmarks running on the RI5CY soft processor implemented on SRAM-based FPGAs. The reliability of the baseline and hardened-by-replication versions of the software benchmarks are evaluated against SEUs induced faults both at the software and hardware architecture levels through fault injection campaigns in the microprocessor memory and configuration memory, respectively. Results assess how the adoption of the hardening-by-replication technique at the software level slightly improves reliability against software related faults but degrades reliability against architectural faults, making it an inefficient solution when it is not combined with hardware robustness
Radiation-induced Effects on DMA Data Transfer in Reconfigurable Devices
As the adoption of SRAM-based FPGAs and Reconfigurable SoCs for High-Performance Computing increased in the last years, the use of Direct Memory Access for data transfer becomes a key feature of many reconfigurable applications even in the space industry. For such kinds of applications, radiation-induced effects are a serious issue that mines the correctness and success of mission-critical tasks. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of proton-induced errors on a DMA-based application implemented on a Xilinx Zynq-7020 FPGA in order to quantify the robustness of this module in a typical hardware-accelerated configuration. The obtained results confirm the high criticality of the DMA module on programmable logic. Moreover, the Multiple Bits Upsets effect has been evaluated. The most recurring patterns have been reported in order to provide further tools to better characterize the behavior of these systems under future fault injection campaigns, as demonstrated in the experimental results
Radiation-Induced Errors in the Software Level of Real-Time Soft Processing System
FPGAs' and programmable hardware's high performance and flexibility have made them a reasonable choice for space-oriented applications, although susceptible to soft errors. This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis of the effects of microarchitectural faults on soft processors due to radiations, identifying the hardware sources of errors and how they propagate to software-level
Surgical Brain Metastases: Management and Outcome Related to Prognostic Indexes: A Critical Review of a Ten-Year Series
Brain metastasis are the most common neoplastic lesions of the nervous system. Many cancer patients are diagnosed on the basis of a first clinical presentation of cancer on the basis of a single or multiple brain lesions. Brain metastases are manifestations of primary disease progression and often determine a poor prognosis. Not all patients with a brain metastases undergo surgery: many are submitted to alternative or palliative treatments. Management of patients with brain metastases is still controversial, and many studies have been developed to determine which is the best therapy. Furthermore, management of patients operated for a brain metastasis is often difficult. Chemotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, panencephalic radiation therapy, and surgery, in combination or alone, are the means most commonly used. We report our experience in the management of a ten-year series of surgical brain metastasis and discuss our results in the preoperative and postoperative management of this complex condition
MICADO Italian Contribution
Citato dalla notizia media inaf
https://www.media.inaf.it/2020/01/21/micado-elt/The Webpages of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) contribution to the MICADO project for the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). The Webpages serve as white pages for easy access to information relative to the MICADO and in particular to the Point Spread Function (PSF) reconstruction working group
BRUTE, PSF Reconstruction for the SOUL pyramid-based Single Conjugate Adaptive Optics facility of the LBT
The astronomical applications greatly benefit from the knowledge of the
instrument PSF. We describe the PSF Reconstruction algorithm developed for the
LBT LUCI instrument assisted by the SOUL SCAO module. The reconstruction
procedure considers only synchronous wavefront sensor telemetry data and a few
asynchronous calibrations. We do not compute the Optical Transfer Function and
corresponding filters. We compute instead a temporal series of wavefront maps
and for each of these the corresponding instantaneous PSF. We tested the
algorithm both in laboratory arrangement and in the nighttime for different
SOUL configurations, adapting it to the guide star magnitudes and seeing
conditions. We nick-named it "BRUTE", Blind Reconstruction Using TElemetry,
also recalling the one-to-one approach, one slope-to one instantaneous PSF the
algorithm applies.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, Proceeding of the SPIE Conference 12185,
Adaptive Optics Systems VIII, 1218540 (29 August 2022
LBT SOUL data as a science test bench for MICADO PSF-R tool
Current state-of-the-art adaptive optics (AO) provides ground-based,
diffraction-limited observations with high Strehl ratios (SR). However, a
detailed knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) is required to fully
exploit the scientific potential of these data. This is even more crucial for
the next generation AO instruments that will equip 30-meter class telescopes,
as the characterization of the PSF will be mandatory to fulfill the planned
scientific requirements. For this reason, there is a growing interest in
developing tools that accurately reconstruct the observed PSF of AO systems,
the so-called PSF reconstruction. In this context, a PSF-R service is a planned
deliverable for the MICADO@ELT instrument and our group is in charge of its
development. In the case of MICADO, a blind PSF-R approach is being pursued to
have the widest applicability to science cases. This means that the PSF is
reconstructed without extracting information from the science data, relying
only on telemetry and calibrations. While our PSF-R algorithm is currently
being developed, its implementation is mature enough to test performances with
actual observations. In this presentation we will discuss the reliability of
our reconstructed PSFs and the uncertainties introduced in the measurements of
scientific quantities for bright, on-axis observations taken with the SOUL+LUCI
instrument of the LBT. This is the first application of our algorithm to real
data. It demonstrates its readiness level and paves the way to further testing.
Our PSF-R algorithm is able to reconstruct the SR and full-width at half
maximum of the observed PSFs with errors smaller than 2% and 4.5%,
respectively. We carried out the scientific evaluation of the obtained
reconstructed PSFs thanks to a dedicated set of simulated observations of an
ideal science case.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Proceeding of the SPIE conference Adaptive
Optics Systems VIII, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2022
(paper 12185-12). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:2209.0156
Status of the PSF Reconstruction Work Package for MICADO ELT
MICADO is a workhorse instrument for the ESO ELT, allowing first light
capability for diffraction limited imaging and long-slit spectroscopy at
near-infrared wavelengths. The PSF Reconstruction (PSF-R) Team of MICADO is
currently implementing, for the first time within all ESO telescopes, a
software service devoted to the blind reconstruction of the PSF. This tool will
work independently of the science data, using adaptive optics telemetry data,
both for Single Conjugate (SCAO) and Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO)
allowed by the MORFEO module. The PSF-R service will support the
state-of-the-art post-processing scientific analysis of the MICADO imaging and
spectroscopic data. We provide here an update of the status of the PSF-R
service tool of MICADO, after successfully fulfilling the Final Design Review
phase, and discuss recent results obtained on simulated and real data gathered
on instruments similar to MICADO.Comment: to appear in the Proceedings 12185-149 of the SPIE conference
Adaptive Optics Systems VIII, Astronomical Telescopes+Instrumentation 2022
Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 table; updated affiliation
Point spread function reconstruction for SOUL + LUCI LBT data
Here, we present the status of an ongoing project aimed at developing a point spread function (PSF) reconstruction software for adaptive optics (AO) observations. In particular, we test for the first time the implementation of pyramid wave-front sensor data on our algorithms. As a first step in assessing its reliability, we applied the software to bright, on-axis, point-like sources using two independent sets of observations, acquired with the single-conjugated AO upgrade for the Large Binocular Telescope. Using only telemetry data, we reconstructed the PSF by carefully calibrating the instrument response. The accuracy of the results has been first evaluated using the classical metric: specifically, the reconstructed PSFs differ from the observed ones by <2 % in Strehl ratio and 4.5% in full-width at half maximum. Moreover, the recovered encircled energy associated with the PSF core is accurate at 4% level in the worst case. The accuracy of the reconstructed PSFs has then been evaluated by considering an idealized scientific test-case consisting in the measurements of the morphological parameters of a compact galaxy. In the future, our project will include the analysis of anisoplanatism, low signal-to-noise ratio regimes, and the application to multi-conjugated AO observations
MORFEO enters final design phase
MORFEO (Multi-conjugate adaptive Optics Relay For ELT Observations, formerly
MAORY), the MCAO system for the ELT, will provide diffraction-limited optical
quality to the large field camera MICADO. MORFEO has officially passed the
Preliminary Design Review and it is entering the final design phase. We present
the current status of the project, with a focus on the adaptive optics system
aspects and expected milestones during the next project phase