26 research outputs found
Ergogenic effects of quercetin supplementation in trained rats
[Background]
Quercetin is a natural polyphenolic compound currently under study for its ergogenic capacity to improve mitochondrial biogenesis. Sedentary mice have exhibited increased endurance performance, but results are contradictory in human models.
[Methods]
We examined the effects of six weeks of endurance training and quercetin supplementation on markers of endurance performance and training in a rodent model. Rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: placebo+sedentary (PS), quercetin+sedentary (QS), placebo+endurance training (PT) and quercetin+endurance training (QT). Quercetin was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg on alternate days. During six weeks of treatment volume parameters of training were recorded, and after six weeks all groups performed a maximal graded VO2 max test and a low-intensity endurance run-to-fatigue test.
[Results]
No effects were found in VO2 peak (p>0.999), nor in distance run during low-intensity test, although it was 14% greater in QT when compared with PT (P = 0.097). Post-exercise blood lactate was increased in QT when compared with PT (p=0.023) and also in QS compared with PS (p=0.024).
[Conclusions]
This study showed no effects in VO2 peak, speed at VO2 peak or endurance time to exhaustion after six weeks of quercetin supplementation compared with placebo in trained rats. Quercetin was show to increase blood lactate production after high-intensity exercise
Preventive effects of Brassicaceae family for colon cancer prevention: A focus on in vitro studies
The emergence of adverse effects and resistance to colorectal cancer (CRC) current therapies calls for the
development of new strategies aimed at both preventing and treating. In this context, functional extracts from
Brassicaceae family contains abundant bioactive compounds directly related to a positive effect on human health
including cancer. The main objective of this systematic review is to compile all recent studies that analyzed the in
vitro antiproliferative activity of functional extracts or isolated molecules from the Brassicaceae family against
CRC. A total of 711 articles published between January 2011 and May 2021 were identified. Of them, 68 met our
inclusion criteria. Different standardized protocols using variable parts of plants of the Brassicaceae family
resulted in diverse bioactive extracts and/or compounds. Most of them were related to isothiocyanates, which
showed significant antitumor activity against CRC. These in vitro studies provide an excellent guide to direct
research on the applications of plants of the Brassicaceae family to the prevention of this type of tumor. The
extracts and molecules with demonstrated activity against CRC should be tested in vivo and in clinical trials to
determine their usefulness in the prevention of this cancer to reduce its global incidence.Spanish Government RTC2019-006870-1Junta de Andalucia P18-TP-1420Granada UniversityCELLBITEC S.L.FPU2019 grant from the Ministerio de Universidades (Spain) FPU19/06170Spanish Government DIN2018009995B04847216Andalusian Government AGR145
CTS-10
Argan pulp as a novel functional ingredient with beneficial effects on multiple metabolism biomarkers
Argan tree is mainly used to obtain the oil from its seeds in a process that generates by-products such as the pulp
of the fruit. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro antioxidant activity and profile of bioactive compounds
from an argan fruit extract, and to assay the metabolic effects of the argan pulp intake in a mouse experimental
model. Our results showed a high in vitro antioxidant activity in ethanolic extracts of argan juice and pulp
measured as total polyphenol content, reducing capacity, ABTS, DPPH, and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity.
In addition, several bioactive compounds with antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory activity
were identified (vaccihein A, bergapten, methyl chloragenate, 2-O-caffeoyl glucaric acid, avicularin, quercetin-3-
O-sophoroside, prodelphinidin B4 and mirificin). Dietary intake of argan pulp induced a remarkable hypoglycemic
activity and decreased the gene expression of inflammatory markers. Gene expression and enzyme activity
of liver antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes were differentially affected by argan pulp intake, whereas gut
microbiota was modulated decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. In conclusion, argan pulp can be
considered a functional food or ingredient with beneficial effects on several metabolism biomarkers.University of Granada, Junta de
Andalucía, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and UniversitiesEuropean Union through projects PTQ-17-09172RTI2018-
100934-B-I00RTC2019-006870-1B-AGR-662-UGR20FEDER
programAGR145CTS164CTS107 (Andalusian Government
Biological evaluation of a protein mixture intended for enteral nutrition
La nutrición enteral (NE) es el mejor recurso para
complementar la alimentación de los pacientes, siempre
que el tracto gastrointestinal este funcional. Cuando se
indica NE total, ésta representa la fuente exclusiva de alimento,
por lo que es importante asegurar un alto valor
biológico de la proteína incluida.
Objetivo: Valorar la calidad biológica de una mezcla
proteica constituida por 50% de caseinato potásico, 25%
de proteínas de suero lácteo y 25% de proteína de guisante
para ser utilizada en productos de nutrición enteral.
Material y métodos: 40 ratas Wistar (20 hembras y 20
machos), con peso medio de 51 g, divididas en cuatro grupos.
Dos de ellos fueron alimentados con dietas específicas
para ratas: uno con caseína (Control) y otro con la proteína
experimental (Experimental); los otros fueron alimentados
con productos de NE diseñados para humanos y
adaptados a los requerimientos de las ratas (Normoproteico
e Hiperproteico), durante 10 días. Se determinó el
índice de eficacia proteica (PER), el coeficiente de digestibilidad
aparente (CDA), la relación nitrógeno retenido/
absorbido (R/A) y la relación nitrógeno retenido/ingerido
(R/I).
Resultados: El grupo experimental y el grupo control
presentaron valores similares en todos los índices analizados.
Asimismo, estos índices fueron similares entre los
grupos normo e hiperproteicos, pero menores respecto a
los grupos anteriores, exceptuando al PER, el cual fue a
su vez similar entre el grupo normoproteico y el control.
Conclusión: La calidad de la mezcla proteica utilizada
es alta y adecuada para ser incluida en el desarrollo de
nuevos productos para nutrición enteral.Enteral nutrition is the best way to feed or supplement
the diet when gastrointestinal tract functions of patients
are partially or totally preserved. Whenever total enteral
nutrition is needed, it represents the only source of
nutrients for patients. Thus, it is mandatory to ensure
that high biological value proteins are included in enteral
formulae.
Objective: To assess the biological quality of a protein
blend constituted by 50% potassium caseinate, 25% whey
protein and 25% pea protein intended to be used in enteral
nutrition products.
Materials and methods: Forty Wistar rats (20 male and
20 female), with initial body weight of 51 g, where divided
into four groups and feed for 10 days with: casein (Control),
experimental protein blend (Experimental), liophylized
normo- and hyperproteic enteral nutrition formulae
adapted to the animal nutritional requirements (Normoproteic
and Hyperproteic). Protein efficiency ratio
(PER), apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC), relationship
between retained and absorbed nitrogen (R/A)
and relationship between retained and consumed nitrogen
(R/I) where calculated.
Results: Experimental and control groups had similar
values for all analysed indices (PER, ADC, R/A and R/I).
These indices where also similar between normo and
hyperproteic groups, but lower than experimental and
control groups, except in PER, where normoproteic
group was either similar to control and hiperproteic
group.
Conclusion: The quality of the protein blend used in
this study is high. It is a good protein source to be used in
the development of new enteral nutritional products
Novel insights and mechanisms of diet-induced obesity: Mid-term versus long-term effects on hepatic transcriptome and antioxidant capacity in Sprague-Dawley rats
Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121746Aims
The study of molecular mechanisms related to obesity and associated pathologies like type 2-diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease requires animal experimental models in which the type of obesogenic diet and length of the experimental period to induce obesity deeply affect the metabolic alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to test the influence of aging along a rat model of diet-induced obesity in gene expression of the hepatic transcriptome.
Main methods
A high-fat/high-fructose diet to induce obesity was used. Mid- (13 weeks) and long-term (21 weeks) periods were established. Caloric intake, bodyweight, hepatic fat, fatty acid profile, histological changes, antioxidant activity, and complete transcriptome were analyzed.
Key findings
Excess bodyweight, hepatic steatosis and altered lipid histology, modifications in liver antioxidant activity, and dysregulated expression of transcripts related to cell structure, glucose & lipid metabolism, antioxidant & detoxifying capacity were found. Modifications in obese and control rats were accounted for by the different lengths of the experimental period studied.
Significance
Main mechanisms of hepatic fat accumulation were de novo lipogenesis or altered fatty acid catabolism for mid- or long-term study, respectively. Therefore, the choice of obesity-induction length is a key factor in the model of obesity used as a control for each specific experimental design.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and the European Union
through projects B-AGR-662-UGR20, RTI-2018-100934-B-I00, and the
FEDER program, respectivel
Una dieta alta en proteína produce estrés oxidativo en el cerebro de ratas: acción protectora del ejercicio de alta intensidad sobre peroxidación lipídica
diets as well as aerobic exercise could promote antioxidant
capacity and consequently reduce free radicals
overproduction on brain. However, little is know regarding
to the high-protein diets and high intensity exercise
on oxidative stress production. The aim of this study was
to analyse the effects of high-protein diets and high-intensity
exercise (HIE) on brain oxidative stress markers.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 male Wistar rats
were randomly distributed in 4 experimental groups
(n=10): normal-protein or high-protein diets with or
without HIE for an experimental period of 12 weeks.
Main oxidative damage markers in brain such as thiobarbituric
acid-reactive substances (TBARs) and protein
carbonyl content (PCC) were assessed. In addition, brain
manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), cooper/
zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) and catalase
(CAT) antioxidant enzymes activity, and protein level of
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) were
measured.
Results and discussion: Brain TBARs, PCC, tSOD,
Mn-SOD, CuZn-SOD and CAT levels were higher in the
high-protein compared to the normal-protein groups (all,
p<0.05). In addition, the expression of Nrf2 protein was
higher in the high-protein and HIE groups compared to
the normal-protein and sedentary groups, respectively
(both, p<0.01). A protein amount*HIE interaction was
found on brain TBARs content, and tSOD and CuZn-
SOD activity derived from a HIE-induced decrease in
the high-protein but not in the normal-protein group
(p<0.05). Conclusions: The high-protein diets consumption produce
higher levels of brain lipid peroxidation, in spite of higher
levels of antioxidant enzymatic capacity. However, HIE may
attenuate the deleterious effect of a high-protein diet on brain
lipid peroxidation when both effects are combined.Introducción: Es conocido que la proteína de soja así como la práctica de ejercicio físico aeróbico pueden incrementar la capacidad antioxidante y con ello reducir la sobreproducción de radicales libres en el cerebro. Sin embargo, existe desconocimiento sobre el efecto del consumo de dietas hiperproteicas y el entrenamiento de alta intensidad (EAI) sobre dicho estrés oxidativo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la influencia del consumo de una dieta hiperproteica y de EAI sobre marcadores de estrés oxidativo en cerebro. Métodos: Cuarenta ratas Wistar macho adultas fueron aleatoriamente distribuidas en 4 grupos experimentales (n=10): dieta normoproteica o hiperproteica, con o sin EAI durante un periodo experimental de 12 semanas. Se determinaron los principales marcadores de daño oxidativo en cerebro como sustancias reactivas del ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARs) y el contenido de grupos carbonilos (PCC). Además, se midieron las actividades enzimáticas superóxido dismutasa del manganeso (Mn-SOD), de cobre/ zinc (CuZn-SOD) y catalasa (CAT), así como el nivel de proteína del factor nuclear eritroide-2 (Nrf2). Resultados: Los niveles de TBARs, PCC, tSOD, Mn- SOD, CuZn-SOD y CAT fueron significativamente mayores en los grupos hiperproteicos en comparación con los normoproteicos (todas, p<0,05). La expresión de la proteína Nrf2 fue mayor en los grupos hiperproteicos y con EAI en comparación con los grupos normorpoteicos y sedentarios, respectivamente (ambos, p<0,01). Se observó una interacción en la disminución de los niveles de TBARs, tSOD y CuZn-SOD producida por el EAI en el grupo hiperproteico que no fue reflejada en el grupo normoproteico (p=0,05). Conclusión: El consumo de una dieta hiperproteica produce altos niveles de peroxidación lipídica en el cerebro, a pesar de los altos niveles de capacidad enzimática antioxidante detectados. Sin embargo, el efecto del EAI podría atenuar los niveles de peroxidación lipídica producidos por el consumo de una dieta hiperproteica.This study was supported by the project DEP2008-04376 from the Ministry of Science and Innovation and grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education (D.C.M. grant number AP2009-3173), (E.N. grant number AP2009-5033)
Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, Chemopreventive and Antiangiogenic Potential of Chromatographic Fractions from Anemonia sulcata with and without Its Symbiont Symbiodinium in Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Anemonia sulcata may be a source of marine natural products (MNPs) due to the antioxidant
and antitumor activity of its crude homogenates shown in vitro in colon cancer cells. A bioguided
chromatographic fractionation assay of crude Anemonia sulcata homogenates with and without its
symbiont Symbiodinium was performed to characterize their bioactive composition and further determine
their biological potential for the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). The 20% fractions
retained the in vitro antioxidant activity previously reported for homogenates. As such, activation
of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes was also evaluated. The 40% fractions showed the greatest
antiproliferative activity in T84 cells, synergistic effects with 5-fluoruracil and oxaliplatin, overexpression
of apoptosis-related proteins, cytotoxicity on tumorspheres, and antiangiogenic activity. The
predominantly polar lipids and toxins tentatively identified in the 20% and 40% fractions could be
related to their biological activity in colon cancer cells although further characterizations of the active
fractions are necessary to isolate and purify the bioactive compounds.Junta de Andalucía (project PYC20 RE 035 UGR)Junta de Andalucía (project P20_00540 and A-CTS-666-UGR20)Instituto Salud Carlos III (project PMPTA22/00136PI19/01478) (FEDER program)AGR145 and CTS-107 (Andalusian
Government)FPU2019 (Ref. FPU19/06170) grant from the Ministerio de
Universidades (Spain
Bioavailability and biotransformation of linolenic acid from basil seed oil as a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids tested on a rat experimental model
Basil is an aromatic herb with a high concentration of bioactive compounds. The oil extracted from its
seeds is a good source of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and also provides substantial amounts of linoleic acid
(LA). This study aimed to test the bioavailability of the oil derived from basil seeds and its effects on
different physiological parameters using 7–15% dietary inclusion levels. Furthermore, the assimilation of
LA and ALA and their transformation in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have been
studied. Digestive utilization of total fat from basil seed oil (BSO) was high and similar to that of olive oil
used as a control. Consumption of BSO resulted in increased LA and ALA levels of the plasma, liver, and
erythrocyte membrane. In addition, the transformation of LA to arachidonic acid (ARA) was decreased by
the high dietary intake of ALA which redirected the pathway of the Δ-6 desaturase enzyme towards the
transformation of ALA into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). No alterations of hematological and plasma biochemical
parameters were found for the 7 and 10% dietary inclusion levels of BSO, whereas a decrease in
the platelet count and an increase in total- and HDL-cholesterol as well as plasma alkaline phosphatase
(ALP) were found for a 15% BSO dose. In conclusion, BSO is a good source of ALA to be transformed into
EPA and decrease the precursor of the pro-inflammatory molecule ARA. This effect on the levels of EPA
in different tissues offers potential for its use as a dietary supplement, novel functional food, or a constituent
of nutraceutical formulations to treat different pathologies.Spanish GovernmentEuropean Commission PTQ-17-09172
RTC-2017-6540-1
RTI2018-100934-B-I00
RTC2019-006870-1Andalusian Government AGR145
CTS164
CTS-10
Anemonia sulcata and Its Symbiont Symbiodinium as a Source of Anti-Tumor and Anti-Oxoxidant Compounds for Colon Cancer Therapy: A Preliminary in Vitro Study
Simple Summary: Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer in the population.
Recently, invertebrate marine animals have been investigated for the presence of natural products
which can damage tumor cells, prevent their spread to other tissues or avoid cancer develop. We
analyzed the anemone Anemonia sulcata with and without the presence of its microalgal symbiont
(Symbiodinium) as a source of bioactive molecules for the colorectal cancer therapy and prevention.
Colon cancer tumor cells were exposed to Anemone extracts observing a remarkable cell death and
a great antioxidant capacity. These preliminary results support that Anemonia sulcata could be a
source of bioactive compounds against colorectal cancer and that the absence of its symbiont may
enhance these properties. Further studies will be necessary to define the bioactive compounds of
Anemonia sulcata and their mechanisms of action.
Abstract: Recently, invertebrate marine species have been investigated for the presence of natural
products with antitumor activity. We analyzed the invertebrate Anemonia sulcata with (W) and without
(W/O) the presence of its microalgal symbiont Symbiodinium as a source of bioactive compounds
that may be applied in the therapy and/or prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Animals were
mechanically homogenized and subjected to ethanolic extraction. The proximate composition and
fatty acid profile were determined. In addition, an in vitro digestion was performed to study the
potentially dialyzable fraction. The antioxidant and antitumor activity of the samples and the digestion
products were analyzed in CRC cells in vitro. Our results show a high concentration of
polyunsaturated fatty acid in the anemone and a great antioxidant capacity, which demonstrated
the ability to prevent cell death and a high antitumor activity of the crude homogenates against
CRC cells and multicellular tumor spheroids, especially W/O symbiont. These preliminary results
support that Anemonia sulcata could be a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antitumor
potential against CRC and that the absence of its symbiont may enhance these properties.
Further studies will be necessary to define the bioactive compounds of Anemonia sulcata and their
mechanisms of action.International Excellence Campus of the Sea (CEI.MAR)
CEIJ-007
CEIJ-001
Antitumor Effect of the Ethanolic Extract from Seeds of Euphorbia lathyris in Colorectal Cancer
The seeds of Euphorbia lathyris have been used in traditional medicine to treat various
medical conditions. However, neither all of their active biocompounds nor the molecular mechanisms
underlying their therapeutic effects have been described. A new ethanolic extract of defatted flour
from mature seeds of Euphorbia lathyris showed a high total polyphenol content and significant
antioxidant activity. Chromatographic analysis showed that esculetin, euphorbetin, gaultherin, and
kaempferol-3-rutinoside were the most abundant polyphenolic bioactive compounds. Antiproliferative assays showed a high and selective antitumor activity against colon cancer cell lines (T84
and HCT-15). In addition, a significant antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma multiforme
cells was also demonstrated. Its mechanism of action to induce cell death was mediated by the
overexpression of caspases 9, 3, and 8, and by activation of autophagy. Interestingly, a reduction
in the migration capacity of colon cancer cells and a significant antiangiogenic effect on human
umbilical vein endothelial cells were also demonstrated. Finally, the extract significantly reduced the
subpopulations of cancer stem cells. This extract could be the basis to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of colon cancer, although further experiments will be necessary to determine
its in vivo effects.Granada University (project PSE/17/002), Ministerio de
Ciencia e Innovación (project RTC-2017-6540-1) and by the CTS-107 and AGR145 Groups