Advances in scientific understanding of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes: a review of contributing factors

The Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes (CVZA) has been the focus of volcanological research for decades, becoming a very important site to understand a number of volcanic processes. Despite most of the research in the CVZA being carried out by foreign scientists, the last two decades have seen a significant increase in contributions by regional researchers. This surge has been facilitated by the creation of new volcanic observatories, improvement of the monitoring networks, creation of postgraduate programs where new local volcanologists are trained, creation of specialized research nuclei or groups, and increasing investment in research. This article presents a review of the evolution of the contributions of the regional volcanological community to the knowledge of the CVZA in the last 20 years (2000–2019), both from research and monitoring institutions in Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. Based on updates made by the regional groups, a new list of active/potentially active volcanoes of the CVZA is presented, as is a complete database for article published on the CVZA. We find that a significant motivator has been regional volcanic unrest that has triggered new investment. Perú is the country with the highest investment in monitoring and research and is the best instrumented, Argentina is the country with the highest number of local participation in published papers in the domain of volcanology and magmatic systems, and Chilean volcanoes are the focus of the highest number of articles published. The current situation and general projections for the next decade (2020–2030) are also presented for each country, where we believe that the over the next 10 years, will be increased the monitoring and research capabilities, improved the scientific knowledge with more participation of regional institutions, and strengthen the collaboration and integrated work between CVZA countries, especially in border volcanoes

Ventajas ecológicas, económicas y de potencia en automóviles con sistemas de inyección por carburación mediante dispositivo generador de hidrógeno

La demanda de combustibles fósiles mas su efecto contaminante supone alternativas energéticas efectivas, ecologicas y económicas. La investigación en curso pretende mediante mediciones comparativas, determinar y describir las ventajas de ciertos dispositivos instalados en vehículos con motores de combustión interna. Tales dispositivos actúan produciendo hidrógeno que se combina con el aire y el combustible, resultando en una mezcla más explosive y por consiguiente más potente. Suponiendo un aumento de hasta 20% en potencia y una reducción equivalents en emisión de gases contaminantes como en consumo de combustible, se espera mitigar el impacto ambiental de los vehículos en la ciudad.Demand for fossil fuels and its polluting effect entails effective, environmental and economic energy alternatives. Ongoing research aims by comparative measurements, to determine and to describe the advantages of certain installed devices on vehicles with internal combustion engines. Such devices operate to produce hydrogen, which is combined with the air and fuel, resulting in a more explosive mixture and therefore more powerful one. Assuming an increase of up to 20% power and a corresponding reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption, it is expected to mitigate the environmental impact of vehicles in the city

Forensic findings in urban red fox mortality in the metropolitan area of Madrid, 2014–2022

The expanding presence of red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) in urban and suburban regions could potentially lead to increased instances of human aggression towards this species. We studied 10 deceased red foxes that were submitted by law enforcement agencies in the metropolitan area of Madrid in 2014–2022 because of suspected abuse. Forensic autopsies were performed to establish the cause and manner of death. In 4 of the 10 cases, the cause of death was deemed unnatural, involving blunt-force trauma ( n = 2), asphyxia resulting from hanging ( n = 1), and firearm injury ( n = 1). Among the remaining cases, most had succumbed to natural causes ( n = 4), often marked by severe emaciation and a high burden of parasites, primarily Sarcoptes scabiei. In 2 cases, death was undetermined given the poor preservation of the carcass. The growing prevalence of wildlife species in urban areas, particularly red foxes, may require forensic veterinary investigation of deaths potentially related to abuse.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesDepto. de Sanidad AnimalCentro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET)Fac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu

GROSSPath 3D: Main gross slaughterhouse lesions in three dimensions

En GROSSPath 3D hemos creado modelos 3D de las lesiones observadas en los órganos decomisados en el matadero, centrado en las principales lesiones de decomiso en el cerdo para generar imágenes 3D que puedan resultar de interés para los alumnos de Grado en Veterinaria. En estos casos hemos incluido la descripción macroscópica de la lesión, el diagnóstico morfológico anatomopatológico y una imagen histológica característica del proceso con la causa etiológica microbiológica tanto en español como en inglés. Con el fin de establecer colaboraciones futuras con los mataderos, que son nuestra principal fuente de lesiones en los animales de abasto, hemos facilitado el acceso a la web a los veterinarios inspectores para que determinen su utilidad, como herramienta formativa para los veterinarios sustitutos o en formación del matadero. Además, conseguir fomentar su interés en contribuir de forma permanente al desarrollo de esta página web GROSSPath 3D mediante el envío de órganos decomisados, especialmente en otras especies como pequeños rumiantes, bovino y equino.In GROSSPath 3D we have created 3D models of the lesions observed in the organs seized in the slaughterhouse, focusing on the main seizure lesions in pigs to generate 3D images that may be of interest to students of the Veterinary Degree. In these cases we have included the macroscopic description of the lesion, the morphological anatomopathological diagnosis and a characteristic histological image of the process with the microbiological aetiological cause in both Spanish and English. In order to establish future collaborations with slaughterhouses, which are our main source of lesions in slaughter animals, we have facilitated access to the website for inspecting veterinarians to determine its usefulness as a training tool for substitute or trainee slaughterhouse veterinarians. In addition, to encourage their interest in contributing on an ongoing basis to the development of this GROSSPath 3D website by submitting seized organs, especially in other species such as small ruminants, cattle and horses.Universidad Complutense de MadridCentro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET)FALSEsubmitte

Effects on Intestinal Mucosal Morphology, Productive Parameters and Microbiota Composition after Supplementation with Fermented Defatted Alperujo (FDA) in Laying Hens

The olive oil sector is currently adapting its traditional function to also become a supplier of high-value by-products that possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the fermented defatted alperujo (FDA) on the intestinal health of laying hens. The morphology of the duodenal and cecal mucosa, the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the productivity of a batch of laying hens were evaluated after FDA supplementation. At early life stages, significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed in duodenal villi height and in crypt depth of both the duodenum and the cecum in the FDA-supplemented group, indicating improved intestinal health in this group. Microbiota composition in the hatchery group supplemented with FDA had a higher abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and higher bacterial diversity. During the production period, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the number of broken eggs from the supplemented group. We conclude that FDA supplementation improves the absorption capacity of the intestinal mucosa and modifies the intestinal microbiota to favor a greater immune response, leading to an increase in egg production

Intrapancreatic accessory spleens in African swine fever infection of wild boar (Sus scrofa)

Author contributions: NP: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft. BC: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing. AR-B: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing, Investigation. JB: Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing. AK: Data curation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing. EV-F: Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing. PS-C: Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing. JS-V: Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing.Intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) is one of the most frequent congenital splenic anomalies in humans; however, studies in veterinary medicine are scarce. This study aimed to describe the macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of 11 suspected cases of IPAS in wild boar piglets of 3–4 months old. Seven of the 11 animals were immunised with a low virulence isolate of African swine fever virus (ASFV) and subsequently challenged with a highly virulent ASFV isolate (LVI-HVI group). The remaining four animals were exclusively infected with a highly virulent isolate of ASFV (HVI group). Grossly, lesions comprised focal or multifocal reddish areas of variable shape, located on the surface of the pancreatic tail or within the parenchyma. Histological and immunohistochemical studies (anti-CD79 and CD3) confirmed the presence of IPAS in eight of the 11 cases. IPAS shared the same histological structure and alterations as those observed in the original spleen. The immunohistochemical study against ASFV revealed the presence of VP72+ cells in both the spleen and IPAS of seven of the eight piglets. The results of this study describe for the first time the presence of IPAS in ASFV infection of wild boar (Sus scrofa) regardless the isolate and suggest that the infection may induce the development of ectopic splenic tissue due to an increased demand for phagocytic cells from the reticuloendothelial system. However, further studies are needed to understand the immunological mechanisms that trigger the formation of these accessory organs.European ComissionDepto. de Producción AnimalDepto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalDepto. de Sanidad AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu

Transparency in teaching quality: intradepartmental solidarity reflection of the evaluations obtained in the student surveys of the docentia program. Analysis of improvement factors

El objeto del proyecto es realizar una reflexión conjunta de profesores en diferentes departamentos, con el fin de identificar aquellos ítems, planteados por Docentia-UCM, que han arrojado resultados mejorables. Posteriormente serán contrastados con un panel de docentes calificados como “excelentes” (de los que algunos ya forman parte del presente proyecto), en base al programa, con excelencia en una jornada de reflexión, abierta a todos los profesores de cada departamento implicado, y a los delegados de las asignaturas impartidas por dicho departamento. Se busca la mejora de las evaluaciones de los profesores.Depto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y PatologíaFac. de MedicinaFALSEsubmitte

Psicología de las organizaciones y del trabajo. Apuestas de investigación II

El presente volumen condensa y sintetiza lo que va siendo contemporáneamente la POT colombiana, en particular, y latinoamericana, en general, que aparece como un reflejo y una adaptación de la que se está desarrollando globalmente según cánones dictados desde otras latitudes socioeconómicas, políticas y culturales, pero también como reacción a ella y como autoafirmación. Ello no constituye un ejemplar de texto anticolonial, sino más bien un manifiesto antietnocéntrico al presentar e interpretar la realidad investigada en el marco de sus propios parámetros socioculturales, sin que estos sean considerados necesariamente claves universales para la comprensión de otras realidades ajenas y exóticas. Y esta es una de sus principales contribuciones generales, porque marca un estilo distinto de hacer POT al enfatizar el aspecto idiosincrático de los fenómenos y procesos de que se ocupa y haciéndolo así, señala un horizonte que no deben perder de vista la disciplina y la profesión, si no quieren repetir viejos errores de su pasado reciente derivados de la minimización de la relatividad histórico-cultural de su campo y su objeto. A escala global y local, resta un largo camino por progresar hacia una POT con mayor fundamentación epistemológica, más articulación interdisciplinaria y multiprofesional, relevancia social, elaboración teórica, calidad y diversidad metodológicas y reflexividad autocrítica que resitúe en el centro del quehacer científico y profesional el marco de referencia axiológico, étho-politico y deontológico. Este libro es un paso significativo en esta dirección.Universidad de San Buenaventura - Cal