Open-ended responses of Thai physician to perceived barriers of influenza vaccination of pregnant women.

<p>Open-ended responses of Thai physician to perceived barriers of influenza vaccination of pregnant women.</p

Characteristics of Thai physician respondents and their perspectives on influenza vaccine (N = 580).

<p>Characteristics of Thai physician respondents and their perspectives on influenza vaccine (N = 580).</p

Associated factors for vaccine recommendation among respondent physicians (N = 543).

<p>Associated factors for vaccine recommendation among respondent physicians (N = 543).</p

Key perceptions of Thai physicians related to influenza vaccination (N = 580).

<p>Key perceptions of Thai physicians related to influenza vaccination (N = 580).</p

Comparison of key perceptions among Thai physicians who recommend influenza vaccine and those who don’t in hospitals with influenza vaccine services (N = 543).

<p>Comparison of key perceptions among Thai physicians who recommend influenza vaccine and those who don’t in hospitals with influenza vaccine services (N = 543).</p

Do Thai Physicians Recommend Seasonal Influenza Vaccines to Pregnant Women? A Cross-Sectional Survey of Physicians’ Perspectives and Practices in Thailand

<div><p>Background</p><p>Physicians play a major role in influencing acceptance and uptake of vaccines. However, little is known about physicians’ perspectives on influenza vaccination of pregnant women in Thailand, for whom vaccine coverage is estimated at <1%.</p><p>Method</p><p>In 2013, a self-administered questionnaire on physicians’ perceptions, attitudes and practices related to influenza vaccination for pregnant women was distributed to 1,134 hospitals with an antenatal care clinic (ANC) in Thailand. At each hospital, one physician working at the ANC completed the survey. Predictors of routine recommendation of influenza vaccine were analyzed utilizing log-binomial regression.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 580 (51%) complete responses were received from physicians practicing at ANCs. A favorable attitude towards vaccination was expressed by 436 (75%) physicians, however only 142 (25%) reported routinely recommending influenza vaccine to pregnant women in their current practice. Physicians were more likely to recommend influenza vaccine routinely when they had more than three years of practice (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.3), had treated pregnant women for influenza (PR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.7), perceived the influenza vaccine to be effective (moderate level: PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.4; high level: PR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.9) and were aware of the Ministry of Public Health’s (MOPH) recommendation of influenza vaccination in pregnancy (PR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.7). Vaccine not being available, perception that policy was ambiguous and lack of awareness of MOPH recommendations were the most commonly cited barriers to routine recommendation of influenza vaccine.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Despite a national policy to vaccinate pregnant women for influenza, only 25% of Thai physicians working in ANCs routinely recommend vaccination. Strategies are needed to increase vaccine availability and free vaccine services, address clinician concerns over vaccine effectiveness and expand healthcare provider awareness of MOPH recommendations.</p></div

Comparison of reasons for not recommending vaccines to pregnant women by Thai physicians in public and private hospitals (N = 401).

<p>Comparison of reasons for not recommending vaccines to pregnant women by Thai physicians in public and private hospitals (N = 401).</p

Previous studies of anti-HAV IgG prevalence in Thailand.

<p>Previous studies of anti-HAV IgG prevalence in Thailand.</p

Declining Trend of Hepatitis A Seroepidemiology in Association with Improved Public Health and Economic Status of Thailand

<div><p>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water. As part of the most recent survey of viral hepatitis burden in Thailand, we analyzed the current seroprevalence of HAV in the country and compared with data dating back to 1971. From March to October, 2014, a total of 4,260 individuals between one month and 71 years of age from different geographical regions (North = 961; Central = 1,125; Northeast = 1,109; South = 1,065) were screened for anti-HAV IgG antibody using an automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Overall, 34.53% (1,471/4,260) possessed anti-HAV IgG antibody, and the age-standardized seroprevalence was 48.6%. Seroprevalence rates were 27.3% (North), 30.8% (Central), 33.8% (Northeast) and 45.8% (South) and were markedly lower than in the past studies especially among younger age groups. The overall trend showed an increase in the age by which 50% of the population were anti-HAV IgG antibody: 4.48 years (1971–1972), 6 (1976), 12.49 (1990), 36.02 (2004) and 42.03 (2014).This suggests that Thailand is transitioning from low to very low HAV endemicity. Lower prevalence of HAV correlated with improved healthcare system as measured by decreased infant mortality rate and improved national economy based on increased GDP per capita. The aging HAV immuno-naïve population may be rendered susceptible to potential HAV outbreaks similar to those in industrialized countries and may benefit from targeted vaccination of high-risk groups.</p></div

The frequency of anti-HAV IgG positivity in each age group.

<p>Numbers above the line charts indicate the total seroprevalence for each age group.</p