GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY OF BREAST CANCER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI): AN ECOLOGY STUDY IN 2018

Objective: Cancer is one of the reasons for the increased burden of disease in the coming decades. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology, incidence and mortality of breast cancer and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI). Materials and Methods: Data about the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer for the year 2018 was obtained from the Global Cancer Project for 185 countries. To analyze data, correlation test and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the incidence and mortality with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and the significance level was estimated at the level of 0.05. Results: According to cancer registry data in 2018, the highest incidence of breast cancer in the world was observed in the countries of Belgium (11.23 per 100,000) and Luxembourg (109.3 per 100,000), and the highest mortality rate for Fiji (36.9 per 100,000) and Barbados (33.1 per 100,000). Our study showed a positive and significant correlation between incidence (r=0.724, p 0.05) and HDI. Linear regression showed that increasing MYS (B=2.02, p<0.05) increased the incidence and increase of EYS (B=-1.1, p<0.05) and significantly decreased mortality. Conclusions: The incidence of breast cancer in developed countries and its death in less developed countries is high. Increasing the HDI, along with the increased screening program in these countries, can help to identify and reduce the mortality of this disease. Increasing the level of education and awareness of women is also one of the health priorities in this area that can be effective in reducing mortality in patient

Geographical distribution incidence and mortality of breast cancer and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI): an ecology study in 2018

Objective: Cancer is one of the reasons for the increased burden of disease in the coming decades. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology, incidence and mortality of breast cancer and its relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI). Materials and Methods: Data about the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer for the year 2018 was obtained from the Global Cancer Project for 185 countries. To analyze data, correlation test and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation between the incidence and mortality with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and the significance level was estimated at the level of 0.05. Results: According to cancer registry data in 2018, the highest incidence of breast cancer in the world was observed in the countries of Belgium (11.23 per 100,000) and Luxembourg (109.3 per 100,000), and the highest mortality rate for Fiji (36.9 per 100,000) and Barbados (33.1 per 100,000). Our study showed a positive and significant correlation between incidence (r = 0.724, p 0.05) and HDI. Linear regression showed that increasing MYS (B = 2.02, p <0.05) increased the incidence and increase of EYS (B = -1.1, p <0.05) and significantly decreased mortality. Conclusions: The incidence of breast cancer in developed countries and its death in less developed countries is high. Increasing the HDI, along with the increased screening program in these countries, can help to identify and reduce the mortality of this disease. Increasing the level of education and awareness of women is also one of the health priorities in this area that can be effective in reducing mortality in patient

Temporal Trend and Spatial Distribution of Drug Poisoning in Semnan Province: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study

Background: Substance abuse and the risks of its consequences are the major public health problems in the world and Iran. Objectives: The objective of the present study is determination the epidemiological status and spatial distribution of high-risk and low-risk clusters along with estimating the relative risk of drug poisoning in Semnan in 8 years. Methods: A descriptive-analytical and retrospective longitudinal study was conducted that examined all 3360 poisoned patients who referred to the hospitals of Semnan province from 2011-2018. The total number of visits was received and analyzed by year with the relevant diagnostic code in ICD-10 from hospitals of the province, and data were analyzed using Joinpoint regression analysis, global Moran’s index and Kuldorff’s spatial statistic scan at a significant level of 0.05. Results: The number of clients varied from 219 in 2011 to 570 in 2015. The patients’ mean age was 26.7 years. The average annual number of cases per one hundred thousand individuals (annual cases/100000) was 598.4. The AAPC of the incidence of drug poisoning was 9.8 and significant in the whole province, demonstrating that the incidence of poisoning increased by an average of 9.8 per year in the whole province from 2011 to 2018. Semnan County with LLR = 533.07 was the most likely low-risk cluster, and Shahroud County was the most likely high-risk cluster with LLR = 219.94. Conclusions: Drug policies need to be adapted to the geographical differences in the place death. After clustering regions in poisoning incidents, the necessary interventions can be concentrated for these specific geographical locations. © 2022, Author(s)

Structural equation modeling of safety performance based on personality traits, job and organizational related factors

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between three selected personality traits and contextual factors with safety performance. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among the operational staff of a gas refinery (n = 487) in Iran. Structural equation modeling was used to model the factors affecting safety performance based on personality traits and job and organizational related factors including consideration of future safety consequence, safety locus of control and impulsiveness, safety climate, job insecurity and role-overload, and mediator roles of safety knowledge and safety motivation. Results: Structural equation modeling results indicated that consideration of future safety consequence was directly correlated with safety performance. Impulsiveness and safety locus of control indirectly associated with safety performance through the mediator role of safety knowledge and motivation. Furthermore, job insecurity and role overload were partially and directly correlated with safety performance. Moreover, safety climate had a significant relationship with safety performance. Conclusion: Consideration of future safety consequence is a valid personality trait for predicting safety performance. It can therefore be used as an indicator in the employee selection process. Moreover, improving employee safety performance necessitates increased safety knowledge and motivation as well as improved occupational characteristics and safety climate