75 research outputs found

    Impacts de le récupération des eaux pluviales sur le régime hydrologique de petits bassins versants partiellement urbanisés

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    International audienceRainwater harvesting is a relevant and sustainable solution to reduce the pressure on conventional water resources. Rainwater harvesting techniques can as well provide stormwater management benefits through the reduction of runoff volumes. The impact of a wide implementation of these practices on the hydrological regimes of already disturbed catchments however remains unclear. The capture of significant fraction of runoff volume in urbanized areas to satisfy various uses, could in particular result in an over-extraction of water, exacerbating low streamflow issues. In this study, a method associating geodata processing and allotment-scale hydrological modeling is introduced to investigate the impact of rainwater harvesting on the hydrology of two semi-urban catchments, addressing both stormwater management benefits and low-flow effects. Results indicate that rainwater harvesting alone is unlikely to meet usual runoff-control objectives, but as well suggest that a systematic implementation of these practices on upstream catchments that already face low water flow issues might be detrimental to stream health.La rĂ©cupĂ©ration des eaux de pluie suscite aujourd'hui un intĂ©rĂȘt croissant du fait des incertitudes sur la disponibilitĂ© future des ressources en eau. Celle-ci est par ailleurs frĂ©quemment envisagĂ©e comme un moyen de limiter Ă  la source les volumes de ruissellement gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s niveau des surfaces revĂȘtues, participant ainsi Ă  la gestion des eaux pluviales urbaines. La perspective d'une mise en oeuvre de politiques incitatives de rĂ©cupĂ©ration des eaux pluviales impose cependant de s'interroger sur l'incidence de cette pratique sur le rĂ©gime hydrologique de certains bassins versants. Dans les secteurs urbanisĂ©s, pour lesquels le potentiel de dĂ©veloppement de la rĂ©cupĂ©ration des eaux pluviales est important, l'interception d'une fraction significative du ruissellement pour satisfaire divers usages pourrait en effet conduire Ă  un dĂ©sĂ©quilibre hydrologique se traduisant par une aggravation des Ă©tiages. Une mĂ©thode associant modĂ©lisation hydrologique et exploitation de donnĂ©es gĂ©ographiques est ici introduite pour construire diffĂ©rents scĂ©narios de rĂ©cupĂ©ration des eaux pluviales et Ă©valuer leur incidence de sur le rĂ©gime hydrologique deux bassins-versants semi-urbains. L'analyse suggĂšre ici que cette pratique n'est Ă  elle seule pas suffisante pour satisfaire les objectifs usuels de gestion des eaux pluviales mais indique que sa systĂ©matisation sur des tĂȘtes de bassins versant prĂ©sentant de faibles dĂ©bits pourrait en revanche donner lieu Ă  une aggravation des Ă©tiage

    OECD International Standard Problem ISP-47 on containment thermal-hydraulics—Conclusions of the TOSQAN part

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    International audienceThe main objective of the ISP-47 is to assess the capabilities of Lumped-Parameter and ComputationalFluid Dynamics codes in the area of nuclear containment thermal-hydraulics. Three experimentalfacilities TOSQAN, MISTRA and ThAI were involved in this project. The present paper summarizes thespecifications, the results and the conclusions obtained for the TOSQAN open benchmark exercise.Wall condensation, steam injection in air or air/helium atmospheres, and buoyancy were addressedunder well-controlled initial conditions in the simple TOSQAN geometry. Detailed gas velocity and gasconcentration (air, steam and helium) fields were obtained for the first time in such an exercise.It is found that the model predictions fit with a generally good accuracy the experimental resultsobtained during condensation steady-state conditions, but the flow conditions in the transition regimeare not well reproduced by the calculations: some of the major transient phenomena are not alwayscorrectly modelled and if so, the transient evolutions or the levels of the concerned variables are not thesame in the calculations and in the experiment. Furthermore, two kinds of measurements were specificfor TOSQAN: boundary layer measurements and turbulence variables, which were addressed for the firsttime in such an exercise. It is concluded that more sophisticated modelling in CFD codes for the boundarylayers should be developed and that turbulence variables should be addressed more intensively in furtherexercises
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