Lipidni status trkačkih konja nakon fizičkog opterećenja različitog intenziteta i trajanja

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of physical activity on the lipid status in racehorses in a gallop race and a forty-kilometre endurance ride. Two groups of healthy 3-5-year-old full-blooded racehorses were assessed. The first one ran a 2 400-m gallop race, which is considered a short-lasting, intense physical activity; lipid status was assessed prior to, and 48 and 72 h after the race. The second group ran a forty-kilometre endurance ride, which is a long-lasting moderate physical activity; the lipid status was assessed immediately before, soon after and 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h after finishing the race. In intense physical activity the parameters of lipid status (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, free cholesterol and triglycerides) remained stable at all times assessed in comparison with basal concentrations (p>0.05). Following the long-lasting moderate physical activity a slight, although statistically insignificant (p>0.05), increase in the concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, free cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was noticed immediately after the endurance ride in comparison to the values before the ride. By contrast, the concentration of LDL cholesterol increased immediately after the gallop race, which was followed by its significant decrease (p lt 0.05) 96, 120 and 144 h after the ride in comparison to the values both before and immediately after the ride. Unlike in the gallop race, immediately after the 40-km endurance ride there was a plummet in triglyceride concentration (p lt 0.01), but was followed by its statistically significant increase (p lt 0.05 and p lt 0.01) at all sampling times in comparison to the value on finishing the ride. In horses which ran the gallop race there was a high positive correlation between the concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides before, 72 and 96 h after the race (r = 0.9278, p lt 0.001). In those which ran the endurance ride a high positive correlation between the concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol was noticed on finishing the ride (r=0.7395 p lt 0.01), as well as at all sampling times which followed. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the concentrations of HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol 72 h (r=0.6843, p lt 0.01) after the ride. Aerobic exercise decreases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, partly because it is accompanied by the moderate increase in serum concentration of HDL cholesterol, decrease in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, which all result in the improvement in lipid profile in horses which completed the endurance ride.Cilj ovog rada je bio utvrđivanje efekata fizičkog opterećenja različitog intenziteta tokom galopske trke i endjurans trke, na lipidni status trkačkih konja. U ispitivanju su učestvovali zdravi punokrvni trkački konji, starosti 3-5 godina, podeljeni u dve grupe. Prva grupa trkačkih konja podvrgnuta je kratkotrajnom fizičkom opterećenju visokog intenziteta tokom galopske trke na 2400 m, i lipidni status je određivan pre učešća u trci, 48 h i 72 h posle istrčane trke. Druga grupa trkačkih konja podvrgnuta je prolongiranom fizičkom opterećenju niskog intenziteta tokom endjurans trke na 40km, a lipidni status je određivan pre učešća u trci, neposredno posle istrčane trke, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h i 144 h posle istrčane trke. Kod fizičkog vežbanja visokog intenziteta parametri lipidnog statusa (ukupni holesterol, HDL-holesterol, LDL-holesterol, slobodni holesterol i trigliceridi) ostaju stabilni u svim ispitivanim vremenskim intervalima u odnosu na bazalne koncentracije (p>0,05). Nakon dugotrajnog fizičkog vežbanja niskog intenziteta uočen je blagi porast koncentracije ukupnog holesterola, HDL-holesterola, slobodnog holesterola i LDL-holesterola odmah nakon endjurans trke na 40km u odnosu na vrednosti pre trke, mada dobijeni rezultati nisu pokazali statističku značajnost (p>0,05). Nasuprot njima, koncentracija LDL-holesterola se povećala neposredno nakon trke, a potom se statistički značajano smanjivala u uzorcima uzetim 96 h, 120 h i 144 h nakon trke u odnosu na vrednost pre trke i neposredno nakon trke (p lt 0,05). Za razliku od galopske trke, neposredno nakon endjurans trke na 40 km došlo je do naglog statistički značajnog pada koncentracije triglicerida (p lt 0,01), a potom je u svim narednim ispitivanim vremenskim intervalima dokazan njihov statistički značajan porast (p lt 0,05 i p lt 0,01) u odnosu na vrednosti triglicerida neposredno nakon trke. Kod galopske trke ustanovljena je međusobna visoka pozitivna korelacija između koncentracije ukupnog holesterola, koncentracije HDL-holesterola i koncentracije triglicerida pre, 72 h i 96 h posle trke (r = 0,9278, p lt 0,001). Kod endjurans trke ustanovljena je medjusobna visoka pozitivna korelacija između koncentracije ukupnog holesterola i HDL-holesterola neposredno nakon trke (r = 0,7395, p lt 0,01), kao i u svim ispitivanim vremenskim intervalima posle endjurans trke. Dokazana je i pozitivna korelacija između koncentracije HDL- holesterola i LDL-holesterola 72 h (r = 0,6843, p lt 0,01) nakon trke. Aerobnim vežbanjem se smanjenje rizik od razvoja kardiovaskularnih bolesti, delimično usled pratećeg umerenog povećanja serumske koncentracije HDL-holesterola uz redukciju ukupnog holesterola, LDL-holesterola i triglicerida, što sve zajedno rezultira poboljšanjem lipidnog profila krvi konja koji su trčali endjurans trku

Ispitivanje oksidativnog stresa i krvne slike ovaca odgajanih u regiji koja je bila izložena delovanju municije sa osiromašenim urnijumom (DU)

The paper presents the results of several health status parameters of sheep bred in the area exposed to depleted uranium (DU) ammunition during NATO bombing of Serbia and Montenegro in 1999. The blood samples of sheep were collected randomly in the region of Bujanovac, in 2004. Complete blood count was performed according to standard laboratory procedures. Concentration of red blood cells malondialdehyde (RBC MDA) and activity of erythrocyte superoxid dismutase (SOD) were determined spectrophotometrically, while the functional activity of leukocytes was investigated by NBT reduction and adhesion test. The results of complete red blood cells count indicated normocytic hypochromic anaemia. The total number of leukocytes and the differential leukocytes count were within the physiological range. Although the leukocytes adhesiveness was not changed in DU exposed animals, their increased NBT reduction revealed stimulated leukocytes' oxidative burst. This finding, together with significantly increased RBC MDA concentrations, as well as the activity of RBC antioxidant SOD, point to the existence of oxidative stress. Although the results indicated that animals were under oxidative stress, still there are no conclusive data that it was due to the exposure of DU that entered the environment during military operations.U ovom radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja zdravstvenog stanja ovaca odgajanih u regionu koji je bio izložen delovanju municije sa osiromašenim uranijumom (DU) tokom bombardovanja Srbije i Crne Gore 1999. godine, od strane NATO pakta. Uzorci krvi su uzeti tokom 2004. godine od ovaca u regionu Bujanovca, metodom slučajnog izbora. Kompletan pregled krvi obavljen je standardnim laboratorijskim procedurama. Koncentracija malondialdehida u ertirocitima (RBC MDA) i aktivnost eritrocitne superoksid dismutaze (SOD) određene su spektrofotometrijski, dok je funkcionalna aktivnost leukocita ispitana NBT testom redukcije i adhezije. Rezultati kompletnog pregleda eritrocita su ukazali na postojanje normocitne hipohromne anemije. Ukupan broj leukocita i leukocitna formula su bili u fiziološkim okvirima. Kod životinja izloženih delovanju osiromašenog uranijuma nije bila izmenjena adhezivnost leukocita, ali je pojačana NBT redukcija ukazivala na to da je bio podstaknut njihov oksidativni prasak. Ovaj nalaz, uz značajan porast koncentracije RBC MDA i aktivnosti eritrocitnog antioksidativnog enzima SOD, ukazivali su na postojanje oksidativnog stresa. Rezultati dobijeni ovim ispitivanjima su upućivali na to da su životinje bile pod oksidativnim stresom, ali nemamo sigurne podatke da je on bio posledica izlaganja dejstvu osiromašenog uranijuma (DU) koji je dospeo u njihovu životnu sredinu tokom vojne akcije u tom regionu

Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Plasma after Fish Oil Supplementation in Aging

Fish oil affects oxidative stress parameters and changes in phospholipids fatty acids profiles in plasma, erythrocytes and tissues. We examined the effects of fish oil supplementation in young and old male Wistar rats (3 and 22 months old) on plasma phospholipids fatty acids profiles and blood oxidative stress parameters. Twenty young and twenty aged Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (ten animals each): two control groups and two supplemented groups treated for 6 weeks with fish oil capsules containing 45 mg eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and 30 mg docosahexanoic acid (DHA). Fish oil supplementation changed the percentage of long chain fatty acids (FAs): the elevated percentage of eicosatrienoic acid (ETA, 20:3), eicosapentanoic (EPA, 20:5), docosapentanoic acid (DPA, 22:5), n-3 fatty acids and decreased arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4). However, there were no age-related changes in total SH groups, the percentages of palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1), oleic (18:1 (n-9)) and linoleic acid (18:2) in plasma phospholipids and MUFA and they were neither reversed nor prevented by fish oil supplementation. Results showed that fish oil supplementation increased SOD and CAT activities in erythrocytes, and PON activity in the blood plasma of both young and aged rats. Furthermore, fish oil supplementation decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and nitrite levels in both young and aged rats implying better antioxidant protection and a lower level of oxidative pressure after fish oil supplementation. Our results suggest that fish oil supplementation is beneficial regarding better antioxidant protection in both young and aged rats, while applied treatment differs in plasma phospholipids FAs composition

Influence of subinhibitory antibiotic concentration on Streptococcus pyogenes adherence and biofilm production

In this study, the focus was on the effects of sub-MICs of the antibiotics on adherence, hydrophobicity, and biofilm formation by two groups of Streptococcus pyogenes strains, which were responsible for different clinical cases. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of sub-MICs of penicillin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, and clindamycin on adherence, surface hydrophobicity, and biofilm biomass in two selected collections of group A streptococcus (GAS): strains isolated from carriers (CA) and strains isolated from patients with tonsillopharyngitis (TPh). Isolates were tested for hydrophobicity to xylene, adherence, and biofilm production in uncoated microtiter plates before and after treatment with 1/2 and 1/4 MICs of antibiotics. Penicillin reduced adherence and biofilm production in TPh strains, whereas ceftriaxone diminished adherence and biofilm formation in CA group. On the contrary, clindamycin enhanced adherence and biofilm production in both groups of strains. Erythromycin did not significantly alter adherence, but triggered biofilm production in both groups of isolates. Hydrophobicity of both groups of strains was significantly reduced after exposure to all antibiotics. Beta-lactams displayed anti-biofilm activity; penicillin diminished both adherence and biofilm production in TPh strains, whereas ceftriaxone reduced it in strains isolated from CA

DOI:10.2298/PSI0901067P CAN DEPLOYMENT OF ATTENTION BE STRATEGICALLY CONTROLLED?

The main goal of the experiment was to test whether deployment of attention could be strategically controlled. Subjects viewed five-letter arrays. Each array included a letter unique in shape (i.e. target). One of the letters in each array (target or non-target) also differed from other letters in color or in position in relation to the array. That letter will be referred to as a feature singleton. The probability ratio of the feature singleton being the target or a non-target letter was varied throughout three experiments. The ratios were (1

Ispitivanje oksidativnog stresa i parametara periferne krvi krava uzgajanih na području izloženom dejstvu municije sa osiromašenim uranijumom (ou)

The paper presents results of the study on depleted uranium (DU) health effects on cows bred in areas exposed to DU ammunition, during NATO bombing of Serbia and Montenegro in 1999. The samples of animal blood, soils and feed were collected randomly in the region of Bujanovac, in 2003. Complete blood cells count was performed according to standard laboratory procedures. Concentration of red blood cells malondialdehyde (RBC MDA) and erythrocyte superoxid dismutase (SOD) activity were determined spectrophotometrically. The functional activity of leukocytes was investigated by NBT reduction and adhesion test. Activity of the radionuclides was determined by standard gamma spectrometry. The obtained results of complete red blood cells count indicate normocytic normochromic anaemia. Considerably increased RBC MDA concentration suggests a violent oxidative stress in cows bred in the exposed area although the activity of their RBC antioxidant enzyme SOD was in the range of values obtained in the control group. The total number of leukocytes and the differential leukocyte counts were within the physiological range. NBT reduction test revealed the absence of leukocyte oxidative burst, which pointed to the absence of inflammation. A significant decrease of granulocyte adhesiveness, pointed at partial impairment of granulocyte functional activity. The activity of 238U/235U in soils and feed was below the minimal detectable concentration (10-3 Bq/kg), while the content of natural (226Ra and 232Th) and anthropogenic 137Cs) radionuclides in soils were within the average values for the region, except for low levels of 40K - indicating soils impoverishment in potassium.U radu su izneti rezultati istraživanja mogućih efekata osiromašenog uranijuma (OU) na zdravlje krava uzgajanih u području dejstava tokom NATO bombardovanja Srbije i Crne Gore, 1999 godine. Uzorci krvi, zemljišta i hraniva sakupljeni su u regionu Bujanovca 2003 godine. Životinjama je urađena kompletna krvna slika i ispitana je funkcionalna aktivnost njihovih leukocita. U eritrocitima istih krava je određena koncentracija pokazatelja oksidativnog stresa - malondialdehida (RBC MDA) i aktivnost enzima antioksidativne odbrane - eritrocitne superoksid dismutaze (SOD). Standardnom metodom spektrometrije gama zračenja određena je aktivnost radionuklida u zemljištu i hrani. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na postojanje normocitno normohromne anemije kod krava sa područja izloženih dejstvu OU. Značajno povećanje koncentracije RBC MDA, ukazuje da su životinje bile izložene jakom oksidativnom stresu, iako je aktivnost eritrocitnog antioksidnog enzima SOD bila u opsegu vrednosti dobijenih kod kontrolne grupe životinja. Ukupan broj leukocita i leukocitarna formula su bili fiziološkim granicama. Odsustvo leukocitnog oksidativnog praska, potvrđeno NBT redukcionim testom, isključuje postojanje inflamatornog procesa, dok značajno smanjenje adhezivnosti leukocita, ustanovljeno NBT adhezionim testom, upućuje na smanjenu funkcionalnu sposobnost leukocita krava koje potiču sa prostora izloženog uticaju OU. Aktivnost 238u/235U u zemljištu i hranivima je bila ispod minimalne koncentracije (10~3Bq/kg) koja se može izmeriti, dok je sadržaj prirodnih radionuklida 226Ra i 232Th, kao i antropogenog 137Cs u zemljištu bio u opsegu srednjih vrednosti za region. Znatno niže vrednosti prirodnog 40K ukazuju na zemljište siromašno kalijumom. Dobijeni rezultati nesumnjivo ukazuju da su ispitivane krave bile izložene snažnom oksidativnom stresu, ali zbog nedostatka pouzdanih podataka o distribuciji OU u životnoj sredini, ne možemo sa sigurnošću tvrditi da su ustanovljeni efekti posledica delovanja municije sa osiromašenim uranijumom

Lower Serum Paraoxonase-1 Activity Is Related to Linoleic and Docosahexanoic Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Background. Serum paraoxonase-1(PON-1) activity is decreased in clinical conditions associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased lipid peroxidation and low-grade chronic inflammation, as in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Until now there are no data about the association of any fatty acid (FA) with PON-1 activity in T2DM. Methods. Twenty patients with T2DM and 16 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum PON-1 activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity as well as plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) were measured. The preparation of FA methyl esters and their gas chromatography (GC) analysis were also performed. Results. HbA1c, plasma insulin, HOMA-IR and triglycerides were higher in patients with T2DM, whereas HDL-C was lower in those subjects. Levels of pro-oxidative enzyme malondialdehyde (MDA) and hs-CRP were significantly higher, and antioxidative enzymes SOD and PON-1 activity were decreased in T2DM patients. N-6 PUFAs were higher in T2DM patients, particularly linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6), whereas n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) was lower in T2DM patients. Using regression analysis, we have shown that only LA and DHA independently predicted PON-1 activity of all participants, particularly in patients with T2DM. Conclusions. Decreased serum PON-1 activity may, in part, be influenced by higher levels of LA and lower levels of DHA in patients with 12DM. Prospective, randomized studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary findings

Possible Effects of Depleted Uranium (DU): I. Changes in Cellular and Biochemical Values in Peripheral Blood of Ruminants in Exposed Areas

The paper presents preliminary results of the study on environmental and health effects due to the use of depleted uranium (DU) ammunition during NATO bombing of Serbia and Montenegro in 1999. Samples of animal blood (sheep, cows) were randomly collected in the region of Bujanovac (Novo Selo, Borovac) in 2003. Biochemical and hematological parameters of peripheral blood (oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin, malondialdehide concentration of red blood cell, activity of erythrocytic superoxide dismutase, concentration of hemoglobin, red blood cells count, etc.) indicating possible effects of oxidative stress due to the impact of DU on the environment were analyzed. The results have been evaluated in respect to the effect of the environmental DU

Effects of n–3 Supplementation on Plasma and Liver Phospholipid Fatty Acids Profile in Aged Wistar Rats

The effects of fish oil supplementation in Wistar rats are focused on cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic and antioxidant status changes. We determined plasma and liver phospholipid fatty acids (FAs) status and plasma lipid concentrations in aged Wistar rats. Our results showed differences in plasma and liver FAs profiles as well as plasma chlolesterol (CHOL), triglicerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), CHOL/HDL ratio (risk factor for atherosclerosis) and LDL/HDL ratio (risk for cardiovascular diseases) between treated and control group of animals. In fish oil treated group there were statistically significant changes in FAs profile in increasing linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-. linoleic acid, eicopentanoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and decreasing in arachidonic acid (AA) concentration. Also, liver phospholipids FAs results showed increasing concentrations of vascenic acid, LA, EPA, and DPA and decreasing concentration of AA after supplementation of fish oil compared to control group. However, concentrations of CHOL, LDL and non HDL concentrations decreased while HDL increased in fish oil group. CHOL/HDL, LDL/HDL ratios decreased. These findings suggest that long term treatment of fish oil in aged Wistar rats can be beneficial in decreasing LDL, and decreasing risk factors for developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. (doi: 10.5562/cca1751