INVESTIGATING THE STEADY STATE MODE OF POWER INVERTERS FOR INDUCTION HEATING

This article formulates the new unified interpretation of the analysis of electromagnetic processes in the autonomous (usually resonant) inverters with power circuits having a serial RLC configuration either with or without free wheeling diodes. The investigation starts with clarifying the parameters of the inverter circuit by bringing the fourth order power network into such of a second order in a normalized form. On this basis the novel compendious relationships between the most important internal inverter parameters are given. A MATLAB program calculates and displays the frequency characteristics of both types of inverters and simulates their steady state. The results from characteristics and simulation confirm each other in many ways. They were also proved experimentally. The whole processed information helps better understanding and organizing intelligent design, measurement and control of the inverters for technological applications (induction heating)

Innovations in The Institutional Modelling of The Sharing Economy

The aim of our research paper is to develop the economic principles for modelling the new trend in the economic relations called “sharing economy”. Sharing economy which is a product of social, economic, societal, and technological changes recently emerging and shaping up in the human society is marked by a high penetration into all sectors of the “traditional” economy. The rise of the Internet and the popularity of smartphones enabled its high effectivity and usage, while the rise of the creative economy and “gig” economy made its application very easy to handle. Our paper is based on the methods of institutional analysis. We obtain a number of valuable theoretical results that can be summarized as follows: First, the model of sharing economy has been examined, the main agents of interactions have been identified, among which state structures, digital platforms and companies creating them, as well as citizens themselves, actively participating in economic activities are singled out. Second, transaction costs for the most common types of transactions (peer-to-peer) were determined. Sub-transaction costs (for example, information retrieval), transaction costs in the transaction process, as well as post-transaction costs (for example, reputational costs) are noted. Third, the principles of institutional modelling of sharing economy from the perspective of its effectiveness are defined, a typology of institutions of sharing economy based on the model of interactions of economic agents is proposed. Our results and outcomes might be useful for helping to shape up the rules of the game for the use of sharing economy in the modern economic relations and might be applied by the researchers, stakeholder and policy-makers alike

Institutional factors of economic changes: development trajectories of Douglas North’s theory

The present article considers the contribution of Douglas North to general institutional economic theory with a special emphasis on the research of institutional factors of economic changes. It has been revealed how agents’ interaction models are formed and how institutions influence the agents’ behavior and change their models. It is especially important, that D. North's conclusions and their development in modern economic theory result in the emergence of the so-called institutional macroeconomics and being a scientific discipline it explains economic changes on long intervals of evolution. The main emphasis in the article is put on two D. North’s works: “Institutions, Institutional Changes and Economic Performance” (1990) and “Understanding the Process of Economic Change” (2005). The advantages and possible disadvantages of the new institutional approach by D. North that is devoted to a long interval of social evolution have been demonstrated. In particular the formal informal institutions relations have been discussed as well as compulsion mechanisms that according to D. North belong to special institutions that play a significant role in the description of institutional changes at long time intervals have been considered. The role of a government and government regulation mechanisms have been studied based on the compulsion mechanisms to observe the rules and norms in economy. We study the connection between transaction and transformation costs that are conventionally considered independently in the frameworks of a new modern institutionalism. The authors’ attitude to technologies as special and rather stable institutions at particular time periods has been proven. This attitude is opposite to the view that institutions and technologies are interconnection factors of institutional changes according to D. North. From the authors’ point of view the model approach by D. North provides restricted representation of institutional changes of complex social and economic model. Moreover, there is a redistribution of weights of change factors and D. North’s theory is not able to determine the regularities in the weights change. In its turn the introduction of the trust factor by G. Akerlof and R. Shiller is not a sufficient decision as different social institutions have macroeconomic importance. These institutions predetermine economy development and trust forms that are formed between some agents. For example, technologies are such institutions and processability of economy as a system predetermines its economic dynamics and demand for the change of some institutions into the others-institutional changes regime. Thus the task under consideration is difficult and has not been solved in economics yet. The opportunity to solve the above mentioned challenges using the postulates of “institutional macroeconomics” as the scientific analysis branch has been founded

Comparative analysis of strategic aspects of development of digital economy

Strategic aspects of development of digital economy of the countries of OECD, the EU and Russia are considered in the article.  As this type of economy becomes significant driving force of global economic growth and plays an important role in acceleration of rates of economic development, in productivity increase, in the creation of new branches and markets, in the effective use of natural resources, in the development of citizens' initiatives and democratic values. The distinguished processes are based on the level of society and business informatization at the current stage of the world economy development. The purpose of the work is to define the trends of digital economy development in Russia on the basis of its functioning features using a comparative analysis of strategic directions of digitization of the economy of the EU and OECD countries. Methodologically the research is based on the study and generalization, analysis and synthesis, as well as a comparative analysis that allow us to define fundamental trends of the development of digital economy in the EU and OECD countries. Among these trends are the establishment of innovations in the field of digital economy; the development of information infrastructure; the formation of favorable institutional environment for the improvement of interaction of all subjects of a digital economy; extensive use of digital technologies by business, population and state institutions and the increase of the national economy security in the global digital environment. The authors have revealed general characteristics and distinctive features of the implementation of strategic documents that provide the development of digital economy in different countries. It has been done on the basis of analysis of particular management decisions that suggest the implementation of the above mentioned trends. The revealed patterns allow us to confirm that in general the strategy of the development of digital economy in Russia corresponds to the world trends. Further the authors will develop particular measures of the digitization of the Russian economy taking into account the international experience

Solving protein structures using short-distance cross-linking constraints as a guide for discrete molecular dynamics simulations

We present an integrated experimental and computational approach for de novo protein structure determination in which short-distance cross-linking data are incorporated into rapid discrete molecular dynamics (DMD) simulations as constraints, reducing the conformational space and achieving the correct protein folding on practical time scales. We tested our approach on myoglobin and FK506 binding protein—models for α helix–rich and β sheet–rich proteins, respectively—and found that the lowest-energy structures obtained were in agreement with the crystal structure, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, surface modification, and long-distance cross-linking validation data. Our approach is readily applicable to other proteins with unknown structures

Social entrepreneurship as an object of institutional analysis

The development of social entrepreneurship, interpreted as a set of interrelated activities aimed at solving social problems through the commercial activities development of economic agents, is determined by a variety of factors, including a set of institutions that regulate this type of activity. The article shows the possibilities to apply the institutional approach for the research and development of this phenomenon. It allowes to consider social entrepreneurship as an object of institutional analysis. The most frequently used methods that are used in the study of social entrepreneurship have been identified on the basis of bibliometric analysis of articles presented in the leading indexed international databases. This analysis has shown that the descriptive method is the most common, whereas the regression analysis is the most common among the applied mathematical methods of analysis. The novelty of the research is a substantial treatment of an institutional environment of social entrepreneurship, that differentiates regulatory, supporting and cognitive types of institutions. While analyzing regulatory environment, we have distinguished and characterized institutions that are most often studied in research literature, in particular, the institutions of private property, social security, taxation, corruption. With regard to the analysis of the supportive environment, the institutions of lending and borrowing, the institutions of education and the religious activity organization have been distinguished and described. Analyzing the cognitive environment, particular importance was given to institutions of cultural values, institutions of the gender relation formation, institutions of social value creation and institutions of the social capital development. The above mentioned list of institutions characterizes the economic and social conditions for the social entrepreneurship development. The theoretical significance of the results is to systematize institutions that influence the development of social entrepreneurship. Practical significance is to form a platform for further research and development of the institutional environment of social entrepreneurship at particular territories

Будущее для молодежи и молодежь о будущем: опыт социологического исследования студентов Екатеринбурга

The purpose of the article is to analyze the essential components of the image of the future of student youth — their social ideals, social expectations, moods and life planning. The authors based their conclusions on the results of an empirical study of third-year Yekaterinburg universities students enrolled in undergraduate programs (N = 2000). According to the results of the study, a reasonably close planning horizon was revealed among students. According to the students themselves, significant uncertainty and variability of the situation prevent them from planning their future for the long term. The authors see the main reasons for the student youth uncertainty in their future processes reflected in the respondents’ social phobias — economic risks — fears of becoming poor or unemployed, and political ones — feelings of insecurity from discrimination for political opinion, police violence and corruption of officials. The data revealed found that the image of the social future of Yekaterinburg students has a clearly expressed conflict character: the sharpest contradiction takes place between the social ideals of youth, including the achievement of a high standard of living, economic well-being, respect for human rights, a democratic society, equality and justice, and its social expectations, which are mostly negative — among them are rising prices, inflation, declining living standards, environmental degradation, political unrest and protests, conflicts, deterioration of relations with other countries. At the same time, despite the pessimism in assessments of the probable future of Russian society, the majority of the students surveyed believe that young people have opportunities to influence the development of society and achieve changes for the better.Целью статьи является анализ ключевых составляющих образа будущего студенческой молодежи — ее социальных идеалов, социальных ожиданий, настроений и жизненного планирования. Выводы авторов базируются на результатах эмпирического исследования студентов третьего курса вузов Екатеринбурга, обучающихся по программам бакалавриата (N = 2 000). По результатам исследования был выявлен достаточно близкий горизонт планирования у студентов. Согласно мнению самих студентов, молодежи мешает планировать свое будущее на длительный период значительная неопределенность и изменчивость ситуации. Основными причинами неуверенности студенческой молодежи в своем будущем авторы видят процессы, отражающиеся в социальных фобиях респондентов: экономических рисках — опасениях стать бедным или безработным и политических рисках — ощущениях незащищенности от преследований за политические убеждения, произвола правоохранительных органов и произвола чиновников. Обнаружено, что образ социального будущего студентов Екатеринбурга имеет явно выраженный конфликтный характер: основное противоречие развертывается между социальными идеалами молодежи, среди которых достижение высокого жизненного уровня, экономическое благополучие, соблюдение прав человека, демократическое общество, равенство и справедливость, и ее социальными ожиданиями, которые носят, в основном, негативный характер — среди них лидируют рост цен, инфляция, снижение жизненного уровня, ухудшение экологической ситуации, политические беспорядки и протесты, конфликты, ухудшение отношений с другими странами. При этом, несмотря на пессимизм в оценках вероятного будущего российского социума, большинство опрошенных студентов считает, что у молодежи есть возможности повлиять на развитие общества и добиться изменений к лучшему

Method for evaluation of oil displacement coefficient based on conventional core analysis

The article is devoted to the problem of evaluation of oil displacement coefficient. Determination of oil displacement coefficient is essential stage for estimation of recoverable reserves, feasibility study of oil recovery factor and control of field development. Complexity of its laboratory determination is caused by labor intensity and duration of a process. When the number of cores is not enough for flow experiments or absent oil recovery factor is evaluated either similarly to neighbor fields or by analytical dependencies that are important to obtain. During the generalization and analysis of a significant amount of experimental data the authors developed a method for estimation of oil displacement coefficient without its laboratory determination. A proposed method is based on use of data from previous studies to built statistical models for estimation of displacement coefficient using linear step-by-step regression and discriminant analysis. In order to implement the method along with oil viscosity, knowledge of reservoir parameters such as porosity, permeability, irreducible water saturation and bulk density of a rock, determined by conventional core studies, is required. The main stages of implementation of the method for Visean clastic deposits of the Bashkir arch and Solikamsk depression of the Perm Region are presented. Results of implementation of the method for Bashkir carbonate deposits of the indicated tectonic elements are presented as well. Analysis of initial data allow establishing that there are classes of values for which regression equations are statistically justified. According to the equations model and experimental values of the displacement coefficients are very close to each other. It was concluded based on parameters of the equations that there is abnormal influence of initial oil saturation on the displacement coefficient. It is shown that for reservoirs of low flow characteristics a displacement coefficient is determined by their capacitive properties

Experimental study of the process of hydrogen production by methane pyrolysis in a molten tin layer

The article presents experimental studies on the methane pyrolysis process in a 30 cm layer of molten tin. The experiments were carried out on a specially made setup in the temperature range from 800 °С to 1000 °С, at a pressure of 4.5 atm, and with a gas flow rate of 3 l/h. The dependence of hydrogen concentration, methane, and its derivatives (ethane, ethylene, and acetylene) in the produced mixture of hydrocarbon gases has been obtained