Case Studies in Biogas Production from Different Substrates

The present paper involves applicative research in the field of biogas production with the accent on small laboratory scale installations built for biogas production, preliminary testing of substrate for biogas production and combustion applications for biogas-like mixtures. The interconnected aspect of the presented material involves cumulative expertise in multidisciplinary fields of interest and continuous development of possibilities to determine the energetic potential of substrates subjected to biodegradable fermentation conversion for further applications. The research analyzed the combustion behavior of biogas with different methane/carbon dioxide ratio without and in the presence of specific catalysts. Also, laboratory analysis on biomass substrates for determining their physical and chemical potential for different applications was performed. The main conclusions are drawn revolve around the untapped potential of the different types of biomasses that are not commonly used in the production of renewable energy carriers, like biogas, and also the potential use of residual biomass in combustion processes for an enclosed life cycle from cradle to the grave. The study involving the use of catalysts in biogas combustion processes present possible solutions which can be developed and implemented for increasing the combustion quality by using relatively cost-effective materials for the production of catalytic materials

Smanjenje zagađenja okoliša izgaranjem mješavine biobutanola u pilot instalaciji za kogeneraciju toplinske i električne energije

Increasingly more, on the government agenda meetings is the environmental pollution caused by the large industrialists. In this category, a high percentage, are represented by the existing Power Plants. A new approach in reducing the environmental pollution is producing energy and heat trough cogeneration. At small scale, cogeneration with high efficiency can be achieved with reciprocating internal combustion engines. The following paper highlights the possibility of running a small scale cogeneration plant with reciprocating internal combustion diesel engine with biobutanol blends. Results regarding the efficiency, emissions and energy cost calculations are presented. Final conclusions and discussions are closing the paper.Zagađenje okoliša od strane velikih industrijskih postrojenja je sve češće na dnevnom redu vlada u čitavom svijetu. Veliki postotak ovih industrijskih postrojenja predstavljaju postojeće termocentrale. Novi pristup koji ima kao rezultat smanjenje zagađenja predstavlja kogeneracija toplinske i električne energije. U pilot instalaciji u laboratorijskim uvjetima kogeneracija sa visokim stupnjem iskorištenja može se postići s motorom s unutarnjim izgaranjem. Rad stavlja u prvi plan pilot instalaciju za kogeneraciju s dizel motorom i mješavinom biobutanola kao osnovnim gorivom. Rezultati su predstavljeni kroz stupanj iskorištenja, emisije štetnih plinova i proračun troškova. Na kraju rada su predstavljeni zaključci i završna diskusija

Experimental Analysis for Determining Potential of Wastewater Sludge Mixed with Degraded Biomass as Substrates for Biogas Production

In the context of increased energy demands and finding solutions for energetic autonomy, the use of waste base materials has increased in recent years in all areas of research. In this context, waste waters, sludge or slurry, biodegradable materials, second generation effluents, and their byproducts are some of the key substrates of interest to obtain biogas through AD (anaerobe digestion). The goal is to utilize these materials as a base for the generation of renewable energy and thereby make it the main source of energy for households or industries. This paper aims to characterize, from a physical and chemical point of view, wastewater from Timis county as a base substrate material in the co-fermentation process with cereal residual biomass. We aimed to determine the energetic potential of the wastewater and perform preliminary testing at a small and pilot-sized experimental installation for biogas production with Timis wastewater as the main energy carrier. The novelty of the paper stems from the use of a patented pilot installation as our experimental approach, as well as the use of a different comparative scale co-fermentation process for biogas production. The conclusions will be traced relative to the obtained results, and preliminary solutions will be proposed for further avenues on this topic