32 research outputs found
Building up European identity: From the chimney smoke
Prva Jugoslavija i njene naslednice nastajale su u periodima žestokih etniÄkih sukoba i bile su relativno kratkotrajne državne tvorevine, Å”to je doprinelo visokoj izraženosti etniÄkih identiteta i etnonacionalizma kao i endemskoj slabosti graÄanskog identiteta njihovih stanovnika. U ovom tekstu opisana su tri pokuÅ”aja uÄinjena u ovim državama da se izgradi nacionalni identitet koji bi služio kao protivteža etniÄkom identitetu i smanjio rizik etniÄkih konflikata: promovisanje jugoslovenstva u SFRJ, razvijanje graÄanskih identiteta u državama-naslednicama, i promovisanje evropskog identiteta u Srbiji. Jedna od prepreka ka takvom cilju dolazi i iz lingvistiÄke konfuzije koja je veÄ dugo vremena prisutna u svakodnevnom, politiÄkom i nauÄnom diskursu. ZnaÄenje jugoslovenstva variralo je od vezanosti za državu do supra-etniÄkog identiteta sedme nacije. U srpskom jeziku ne postoji reÄ koja bi oznaÄila nacionalni a ne etniÄki identitet njenih graÄana. Izraz 'evropski identitet' se koristi namerno nejasno, (kao geografska pripadnost, prihvatanje sistema vrednosti, Älanstvo u politiÄkoj zajednici itd.) Å”to poveÄava konfuziju u javnom govoru. Trenutno, velike nade se polažu na razvijanje pozitivnih stavova prema evropskim integracijama i razvoju tzv. evropskog identiteta. Ono Å”to nedostaje da bi taj proces bio efikasniji je udaljavanje od primordijalistiÄkih shvatanja identiteta, relativno razvijen i stabilan nacionalni identitet, i konsenzus meÄu politiÄkom elitom o neophodnosti takvog puta. U sadaÅ”njim uslovima, proevropska kampanja se sprovodi putem nejasnih poruka ali, mada je takva (ili možda baÅ” zato Å”to je takva) ima veÄe Å”anse na uspeh od prethodna dva pokuÅ”aja Äije perspektive su izgledale svetlije. .The fact that the first Yugoslavia and its successors originated in the periods of severe ethnic conflicts and proved to be short-lived entities contributed to high salience of ethnic identity and strength of ethnic nationalism as well as endemic weakness of civic identity of their citizens. The three attempts in these countries at building an identity that would serve to balance ethnic identity and prevent ethnic conflicts are briefly described in the paper: promoting 'Yugoslavism' in the SFRY, developing civic identities in its successors, and promoting European identity in nowadays Serbia. One of the great obstacles for such aim stems from the linguistic confusion that has persisted for a long time in public, political and scientific discourse. The meaning of 'Yugoslavism' ranged from attachment to joint country to supra-ethnic identity. There is no single word in the Serbian language which designates national - not ethnic - identity of its citizens. As for Europe, the phrase 'European identity' is used in a deliberately unclear way (as a geographical settlement, sharing specific values, membership in political community, etc.), increasing the confusion in the public discourse. Recently, great hopes have been placed in fostering positive attitudes towards European integration and developing the so-called European identity. What is lacking for this process to be more efficient is moving away from primordialistic conceptions of identity, a relatively stable and well-formed national identity, and the consensus among political elite regarding the necessity of such a path. In current conditions, the pro-European campaign is conducted through evasive messages but, being like this (and, perhaps, in current conditions precisely because of that), it has a greater chance to succeed than the previous two attempts, whose future should have been brighter.
Teachers' attitudes towards school violence and their assessment of their own and collective power to act efficiently
Prevencija Å”kolskog nasilja, i kod nas i u svetu, sve viÅ”e postaje jedan od prioritetnih zadataka u ostvarivanju obrazovno-vaspitnog rada u Å”kolama, a glavni oslonac vidi se u nastavnicima. Nastavnici Äe u obavljanju tog zadatka biti efikasni u onoj meri u kojoj prepoznaju nasilje kao dovoljno ozbiljan problem, veruju da angažovanje Å”kole doprinosi smanjenju nasilja, i veruju u vlastitu kompetentnost. Upitnikom je ispitan 9.141 nastavnik iz 188 Å”kola sa teritorije cele Srbije. VeÄina nastavnika (73%) je zabrinuta zbog porasta Å”kolskog nasilja, ali samo manji deo (29%) taj problem prepoznaje u svojoj sredini. Nastavnici vide u porodici glavni uzrok za nasilno ponaÅ”anje uÄenika (66%) i, konsekventno, u saradnji Å”kole i roditelja vide i najefikasniju meru za borbu protiv nasilja (70%). Nastavnici priliÄno visoko ocenjuju sopstvene kompetencije za borbu protiv nasilja, ali ne vide veliki preventivni znaÄaj metoda koje su u njihovoj direktnoj nadležnosti. PraktiÄne implikacije ovih nalaza su da treba nastaviti proces senzitizacije nastavnika za probleme koje njihovi uÄenici imaju sa vrÅ”njaÄkim nasiljem, kao i za veliki preventivni znaÄaj koji ima kvalitetna nastava.Prevention of school violence is increasingly becoming one of priorities of educational work in schools both in our and other countries and teachers are seen as the main support in this prevention. Yet, teachers will be efficient in performing this task according to how much they are convinced that school violence is a serious problem and they believe in their own competence and that their engagement will contribute to the reduction of violence. The questionnaire was filled up by 9 141 teachers from 188 schools in Serbia. The majority of teachers (73%) are worried by the increase of school violence, but in considerably smaller numbers (23%) testify about violence in their environment. The main causes of violence are seen in family (66%) and, consequently, teachers see cooperation between school and parents as the most efficient measure in violence prevention. The teachers assessed their personal competencies for violence prevention rather high, but report that they are authorized to use scarce measures for preventing violence in school. Some practical implications of these findings point to the need for the continuation of sensitizing teachers of the problem their students have with peer violence and the significance of high quality teaching of violence prevention
Intensive and excessive Internet use: Different predictors operating among adolescents
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrde faktori koji imaju prediktivnu vrednost u odnosu na intenzivnu i prekomernu upotrebu interneta kod adolescenata. Ispitivani prediktori bile su razliÄite psiholoÅ”ke, bihejvioralne i socio-demografske varijable. Podaci su prikupljeni krajem 2018. godine u okviru meÄunarodnog istraživanja EU Kids Online, na uzorku od 863 adolescenata iz Srbije (434 [50%] mladiÄa) uzrasta od 11 do 17 godina. UtvrÄeno je da je intenzivna upotreba interneta viÅ”e karakteristiÄna za devojke, za adolescente koji imaju tendencije prema antisocijalnom ponaÅ”anju, za one koji misle da imaju napredne digitalne veÅ”tine i za one Äiji roditelji ne koriste restriktivne forme medijacije. S druge strane, prekomerna upotreba interneta bila je povezana sa psiholoÅ”kim varijablama poput anksioznosti, impulsivnosti i percipirane diskriminacije po razliÄitim osnovama, ali i sa odsustvom aktivne roditeljske medijacije i podrÅ”ke u odnosu na upotrebu digitalnih tehnologija.The aim of this study was to determine the factors which have a predictive value when it comes to the intensive and excessive use of the Internet among adolescents. Predictors tested included different psychological, behavioural, and socio-demographic variables. The data were collected at the end of 2018 within the framework of the international survey EU Kids Online, on a sample of 863 adolescents from Serbia (434 [50%] males) aged 11 to 17 years. It was shown that the intensive use of the Internet was more characteristic among girls, adolescents with a tendency towards antisocial behaviours, those who think to have advanced digital skills and those whose parents did not apply restrictive forms of mediation. On the other hand, the excessive use of the Internet was related to certain psychological variables, like anxiety, impulsivity, and perceived discrimination on various grounds, but also to the absence of active parental mediation and support in the use of digital technologies
Trust in legal institutions and legal practice among citizens of Serbia
Istraživanje je rezultat ispitivanja javnog mnjenja na temu poverenja u pravne institucije i pravnu praksu, sprovedenog na 518 ispitanika iz cele Srbije, sem Kosova. Rezultati pokazuju izuzetno nisko poverenje u pravni sistem. Manje od 20% ispitanika ima poverenje u zakone i sudove. NeÅ”to viÅ”e poverenja graÄani pokazuju prema miliciji, ali samo kada je reÄ o njihovoj posveÄenosti poslu i spremnosti da pomognu ljudima, dok Äak 85% ispitanika smatra miliciju preterano grubom i spremnom da primeni silu. Korelaciona analiza pokazuje da najveÄe poverenje u pravne institucije imaju visoko obrazovani, kao i visoko autoritarni ispitanici.The study is part of public opinion poll performed on 518 subjects from all regions of Serbia, except Kosovo. The results show extreme distrust in legal system. Less than 20% of our citizens have trust in existing laws and courts. Little bit more trust they have in police, but only concerning their dedication to work and readiness to help people, while even 85% of our subjects think that policemen are more cruel than it is necessary' to be. Correlation analysis points out that more trust in legal system had subjects with higher level of education, as well as with higher level of authoritarianism
Is the frequency of social networking sites visiting and online gaming related to life satisfaction among youth?
The paper analyses the relationship between the frequency
of social networking sites visiting and online gaming and
life satisfaction, as well as the role of sex and age in it. The
data from the international FES Youth Study in Southeast
Europe 2018/2019 survey, conducted in ten Southeast
European countries (including Serbia) on the representative
samples of young people aged 14 to 29 years, were used,
selecting those with regular Internet access (total N =
10,532). Both the association between the frequency of use
of social networks and life satisfaction and the correlation
between online gaming frequency and life satisfaction were
significant, but of very low magnitude. Only the latter
relationship was moderated by sex and age. The obtained
results do not support the popular views on āFacebook
depressionā and the negative āeffectsā of Internet use on
youth well-bein
Global Kids Online Serbia: balancing between opportunities and risks: results from the pilot study
The Global Kids Online project in Serbia was carried out by UNICEF Belgrade and the Institute of Psychology at the University of Belgrade. It aimed to address the gaps in systematic and continuous research related to childrenās online experiences, rights, and needs and the specific challenges that arise from the particularities of the country context. The report presents findings from the qualitative and quantitative elements of the study. The qualitative research was carried out in November and December 2015 and comprised eight focus groups with 35 children aged 10-17 years from four Belgrade schools. The quantitative research was conducted in March and April 2016 when 197 children aged 9 to 17 years, from 10 primary and 8 secondary schools in Serbia and their parents were interviewed
MetaboliÄki profil krvi krava simentalske pasmine tijekom proizvodnog ciklusa
The aim of this paper was to examine the metabolic profile of the blood of cows of the Simmental breed during a production cycle, from two aspects: by season (spring, summer, autumn and winter), and by stages of production (1/3, 2/3, and 3/3 of lactation and the dry period). The cows were kept in an intensive system in tie-stall housing, and fed with complete diets, which differed in composition throughout the seasons and stages of production. Blood samples of 10 cows were taken four times during the production cycle (winter, spring, summer, and autumn) in the corresponding production stages (1/3, 2/3, 3/3 of lactation and dry period). They weretaken by puncture of the tail vein. The content of Ca, P, Mg, glucose, urea, total proteins, total cholesterol, AST, bilirubin, and the hormones thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and cortisol were determined in blood serum of cows. The results obtained from the F - test indicated a statistically highly significant difference (P<0.01) in the contents of P, Mg, glucose, urea, cholesterol and thyroxine, depending on the season. Also, a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the content of AST and total proteins. The analysed parameters of the metabolic blood profile, tested with the F - test, indicated that there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in Mg content depending on production stages.Cilj ovoga rada bio je praÄenje metaboliÄkog profila krvi krava simentalske pasmine tijekom proizvodnog ciklusa s dva aspekta: po sezoni (proljeÄe, ljeto, jesen i zima) i po fazama proizvodnje (1/3, 2/3, 3/3 laktacije i suhostaj). Krave su držane intenzivno, na vezu, i opskrbljene su kompletnim obrocima koji su se razlikovali po sastavu ovisno o godiÅ”njim dobima i stadijima proizvodnje. Uzorci krvi od 10 krava uzimani su punktiranjem repne vene, Äetiri puta tijekom proizvodnog ciklusa (zima, proljeÄe, ljeto i jesen) u odgovarajuÄim proizvodnim fazama (1/3, 2/3, 3/3 laktacije i suhostaj). U krvnom serumu krava odreÄivan je sadržaj Ca, P, Mg, glukoze, ureje, ukupnih bjelanÄevina, ukupnog kolesterola, AST-a, bilirubina i hormona: tiroksina (T4), trijodotironina (T3) i kortizola. Rezultati F-testa upuÄuju na statistiÄki visoko znakovitu razliku (P<0,01) u sadržaju P, Mg, glukoze, ureje, kolesterola i tiroksina, ovisno o sezoni. TakoÄer, statistiÄki znakovita razlika (P<0,05) zbog utjecaja sezone utvrÄena je i u sadržaju AST-a i ukupnih bjelanÄevina. Analizirani pokazatelji metaboliÄkog profila krvi, testirani F-testom, upuÄuju na postojanje statistiÄki znakovite razlike (P<0,05) u sadržaju Mg, ovisno o fazi proizvodnje
Youth study Serbia 2018/2019
- Young people primarily engage in socialising and entertainment in their free time. The focus is on private life-family/
friends and consumerism prevail over social engagement and
self-development. Certain forms of social anomie and pathology are considered widespread and even normal for society.
This perception, however, is not enough to trigger a revolt or
an attempt to change this state by personal engagement.
ā The family is a significant source of support for young people
during the period in which they grow up; it provides them
with financial, emotional and social support. However, the
family takes on obligations that should have been assumed
by the state, which places a heavy burden on rather scarce
family resources. As a consequence, young people neglect
the role of social institutions as well as their own responsibility for the position they are in, just as they overlook their own
responsibility for changing the society they live in.
ā There is a widespread desire among young people to leave
the country; young people in Serbia lead the way in this aspect compared to other countries in the region. The main
reason for emigration is the desire for a better standard of
living, but the intensity of this desire is more related to a pessimistic view of the future of the Serbian society than to the
difficulty of the current financial situation in which youth find
themselves.
ā Completion of a higher level of education by young people of
different socio-economic status is unequally distributed.
Higher socio-economic status āguaranteesā a higher completed level of education, higher academic aspirations, a
more positive status of the degree and a successful career.
The system directly encourages precariousness of both work
and the worker, as has also been confirmed through analysis
of the factors affecting job choices ā salary and job security
are the dominant factors.
ā Young people are not interested in politics; they do not discuss the topic, nor do they seek information on politics. Institutions of society and the state are not something that warrants the trust of young people, and this is especially true of
the political parties. There is widespread dissatisfaction with
the state of democracy and the status of democratic values in
Serbia; nevertheless, there is support for the democratic political system in general. Serbiaās accession to the European
Union evokes positive associations and a view that it would
have positive effects on the Serbian economy, political system and cultural identit
Mladi u Srbiji 2018/2019
ā Mladi svoje slobodno vreme na prvom mestu provode u druženju i zabavi. Privatni život je u centru pažnje, odnosno porodica/prijatelji i konzumerizam imaju primat u odnosu na
druÅ”tveno angažovanje i samorazvoj. Iako se odreÄeni oblici
druŔtvene anomije i patologije smatraju rasprostranjenim, pa
Äak i normalnim za druÅ”tvo, takva percepcija ipak nije dovoljna da izazove pobunu ili pokuÅ”aj da se liÄnim angažovanjem
takvo stanje promeni.
ā U periodu odrastanja znaÄajan izvor podrÅ”ke mladima je porodica, koja im pruža finansijsku, emotivnu i socijalnu podrÅ”ku. MeÄutim, porodica na sebe preuzima obaveze koje je
zapravo trebalo da preuzme država, Å”to za porodicu predstavlja veliko optereÄenje s obzirom na priliÄno skromne resurse kojima raspolaže. To ima za posledicu da mladi ljudi zanemaruju ulogu institucija druÅ”tva, kao i sopstvenu
odgovornost za položaj u kojem se nalaze, a takoÄe previÄaju
sopstvenu odgovornost za menjanje druŔtva u kojem žive.
ā MeÄu mladima je rasprostranjena želja da odu iz zemlje i u
tom smislu mladi iz Srbije prednjaÄe u odnosu na mlade iz
ostalih zemalja u regionu. Iako je želja za boljim životnim
standardom glavni razlog za emigraciju, intenzitet te želje je
viÅ”e povezan sa pesimistiÄkim viÄenjem buduÄnosti srpskog
druŔtva nego sa trenutnom materijalnom situacijom u kojoj
se mladi nalaze.
ā ViÅ”i stepen zavrÅ”enog Å”kolovanja nije ravnomerno zastupljen
meÄu mladima razliÄitog druÅ”tveno-ekonomskog položaja.
ViÅ”i druÅ”tveno-ekonomski položaj āgarantujeā viÅ”i nivo steÄenog obrazovanja, veÄe akademske aspriracije, povoljniji status
diplome i uspeÅ”nu karijeru. Sistem direktno podstiÄe prekarnost i rada i radnika, Å”to je takoÄe potvrÄeno analizom faktora koji utiÄu na izbor posla, meÄu kojima dominiraju plata i
sigurnost radnog mesta.
ā Mladi nisu zainteresovani za politiku; ne raspravljaju o politici,
niti se trude da budu politiÄki informisani. Institucije države i
druŔtva ne uživaju poverenje mladih, a to posebno važi za
politiÄke stranke. Iako je u Srbiji raÅ”ireno nezadovoljstvo stanjem demokratije i demokratskih vrednosti, ipak postoji podrÅ”ka demokratskom politiÄkom sistemu u opÅ”tem smislu.
Pristupanje Srbije Evropskoj uniji priziva pozitivne asocijacije i
stav da bi to imalo pozitivne efekte za srpsku privredu, politiÄki sistem i kulturni identitet