MODELS THAT EVALUATE THE VALUE OF THE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS. RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT UNDER INTERNATIONAL RULES

As the present financial markets have broadened and deepened, increasing numbers of firms are utilizing innovative financial instruments to accomplish business objectives and enhance shareholder value. It is crucial for the financial managers to keep abreast of available financial instruments, the business settings in which these instruments can create—and destroy—value, and modern analysis techniques for these instruments. A financial manager also should possess a basic understanding of the markets in which these instruments trade. The article provides a brief presentation of these instruments, along with some examples based on the International Accounting Standards 32 Financial instruments: disclosure and presentation and International Accounting Standards 39 Financial instruments: recognition and measurement.financial markets, financial instruments, financial assets, financial debts

Sustainability of the Tourism Industry, Based on Financial Key Performance Indicators

Even if there is a real need of a set of key performance indicators for small and medium sized enterprises, this is not yet considered to be satisfied. Our research is focused on two main aspects, each of them individually important for the users of accounting information: the basic indicators specific for analysing operational performance and for decision making and the trend of the key performance indicators in the context of the economic crisis. The starting point of the study is a questionnaire addressed to small and medium sized enterprises activating in the tourism area, especially in the hotel industry. The respondents answered the questions in perfect anonymity by choosing one of the multiple choices for some of them and offering open answers to the others. Our analysis reveals a fair view of the dynamic of the most used key performance indicators in Romanian hotel industry, the limits of their interpretation and usage and the evolution of the financial and economic performance. The declared purpose of the research is to set the bases of a starting point in order to provide solutions for improving the relevance and the usage of these indicators in this domain, in the context of a sustainable business, taking into account the nowadays status of the economy in general and in particular the hotel industry

Use of Ionic Liquids in Solid-Liquid Separation Processes

This chapter reports the possible use of ionic liquids (ILs) in solid-liquid separation processes by their immobilization in suitable solid supports. This method presents some benefits such as economical one—due to the fact that a smaller quantity of ILs is used and the loss of ILs in the aqueous phase is avoided; and second the efficiency benefit—because the advantages of the ILs are combined with the properties of the solid support, and this enhances the removal process of metal ions from aqueous solutions and could be successfully used in the removal processes of metal ions from aqueous solutions containing trace amounts. The type of solid supports used for the immobilization of different ILs, and the methods used for the immobilization were discussed. Also the adsorption efficiency of these ionic liquid immobilized solid supports in the removal process of different metal ions (Cr, Hg, Pt, Au, Pd, Cs, Sr, Tl, etc.) from aqueous solutions were presented. The inorganic materials present a higher efficiency to be used as solid supports for the immobilization of the ILs. It was observed that the physical method of impregnation, especially ultrasonication, has a positive effect on the adsorption capacities of the materials obtained

Adsorption of phenol and P-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions on polymer adsorbent

In the present study, a commercial Amberlite XAD-4 resin was investigated for its ability to remove phenol and p-chlorophenol in aqueous solution. The adsorption dynamics obeyed the pseudo-second order rate equation and the adsorption rate constant of phenol was a little greater than that of p-chlorophenol. The adsorption isotherms can be correlated to Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption capacity for p-chlorophenol was larger than that for phenol at the same temperature and equilibrium concentration

PREFERENCE OF THE LISTED ENTITIES REGARDING THE SELECTION OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITOR

The present research aims to highlight the importance of the external auditing in supporting corporate governance and the preference of the listed entities to be audited by the big audit companies. Given the proposed objectives of the research, our scientific method is based on a deductive approach from general to particular that combines quantitative and qualitative studies. The role of the external audit was analyzed by conducting a study of literature on two levels: a theoretical-conceptual level in terms of economic theories and an empirical-practical level based on literature from which we extracted through a content analysis the defining elements of the audit work quality. Falling within the scope of the study, we evaluated the preference of the listed entities to be audited by the Big Four. To this end we used the content analysis of the publicly posted audit reports for the period 2005-2009. Our research results show that although we are a country with an emerging capital market development, the entities in the I-st category on the Bucharest Stock Exchange tend to an audit conducted by one of the big audit companies. Another result arising from our study is that the entities of the I-st category on the Bucharest Stock Exchange become more transparent from a year to another. Whether for the year 2005 we find only 12 audit reports publicly posted, in 2007 we can find 21 audit reports publicly posted. The trend of the large entities audited shows that the preference of the entities to be audited by one of the Big Four is higher from a year to another. The preparation of the financial statements and their audit must be done according to regulations for the currently period. The presumption found in the literature according to which the large entities are audited by the big audit companies which provide higher audit quality is confirmed in the case of our national country as well.external audit, audit report, opinion, listed companies, Big Four

Unsaturated phosphonic acid, a novel precursor to fabricate metal organic frameworks

Investigations on phosphonates metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted interest during the last two decades due to their captivating network topology, structural flexibility and multiple special properties. The synthesis of 1 -phenylphosphonium acid, as precursor of metal organic framework was described. The synthesized compound was analyzed by 'H and 31P-NMR, HPLC, MS, TG and IR spectroscopy. The PM3 semi-empirical analysis of precursor was made in order to establish their design, structural properties, thermodynamic and electronic properties

Synoptic and Climatological Analysis of Autumn 2023 from the Perspective of a Meteorologist Forecaster

The fall of 2023 was atypical both in terms of recorded temperatures and accumulated precipitation. September and October retained many characteristics of an authentic summer, with this year experiencing up to 22 summer days, 16 tropical days, and 3 heatwave days. The weather conditions this autumn were influenced by the atypical position and evolution of baric centers, as well as the warm advection at the 500hPa leve

Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Automatic Design and Correction of Ceramic Colors

This paper is focused on two major problems within the ceramics industry. The reproduction of a desired color from pigments (which is time-intensive), and the correction of colors on the production line (which is costly) are processes which still rely heavily on numerous experiments carried out by human operators. This study presents the key aspects of these two processes and suggests some mathematical and computer sciences tools, aimed at automatizing the current procedures. Data was provided by an industrial partner, where the proposed models and solutions will be tested and validated

Influence of structural and topogical connectivity indices on dielectric properties of blends based on quaternized polysulfones : theoretical approach

Cationic polysulfones containing quaternary ammonium side groups (PSFQ), synthesized by reaction of the chloromethylated polysulfone (CMPSF) with a tertiary amine, N,Ndimethylbutylamine (DMBA), are considered to be suitable for a wide range of applications from the electronic field. Additionally, quaternized polysulfone-based composites with optical and electrical properties represent a challenge for researchers. Therefore, it is of interest to find out whether PSFQ can be designed for specific applications in blends with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and to establish their impact on the different properties. Thus, in the present study the cationic polysulfone PSFQ was analyzed in combination with PVA, which is supposed to improve among the other properties, such as hydrophylicity, flexibility, and the optical ones [1].In this context, the thermoplastic characteristics (e.g.,the refractive index and dielectric constant)were evaluated using the structural and topological techniques of spatial arrangement of the constituent atoms from analyzed polymer [2], by means the zero-order connectivity indices and first-order connectivity indices