The role of effective information in decision making by managers at Shahid Beheshti of teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences

Today, one of the most fundamental factors in the field of management is providing managers with effective information in order to improve the quality of their decision-making. In this paper, we studied the role of effective information in decision making by managers and directors in 2006- 2007(From March 20, 2006 to march 19, 2007)

Considering the respiratory diseases resulted from harmful chemical factors among workers in factories with more than 50 workers

Introduction:life is impossible without respiration if we can't breath, the life would stopped after a short time. Respiration means transportation of oxygen to cell and it's consumption in cellular level. This process is possible with the help of respiratory apparatus. The present study has been done in order to determine the respiratory capacities among workers for curing the respiratory apparatus and potential dangers which threaten this vital organ. Materials and methods: This study is analytical and the domain of its investigation is in the range of Ilam province factories with more than 50 personnel who are exposed to harmful chemical factors. all workers have done spearometry test and their demographical features were recorded in order to categorizing the workers in different classes, the proportions of (FEV1/FVC) and (FVC/PFVC) were calculated in relation to their respiratory capacity, by using the miller's standard table and divided according to various amounts of these two proportion in groups with normal respiratory statues, with limiting and obstructing discovers, limiting discovers and obstructive ones. Findings: An analysis was performed after data gathering and calculating the respective proportion by statistical methods and useful software. Research finding: considering the respiratory capacities based on miller's index showed that 43/1 of workers have normal respiratory capacities and the following relations were simultaneously (FVC/PFVC) *100> 75 & (FEV1/FVC) *100>75. A group of workers who have proportional relation with (FVC/PFVC) *100< 75 & (FEV1/FVC) *100<75 were placed in the group of workers with limiting and obstructive disorders and were 29/2 of the investigated society. And finally 27/2 has limiting disorder. No one observed with obstructive disorder. The relation between respiratory condition and worker's background was meaningful (p= 0/039, df = 6, x2 =13/2) Results: the results showed the effect of background on respiratory capacities. as in the group with less than 12 months labor, 46/7 have normal respiratory condition, 34/4 with limiting and obstructive condition and 18/9 with constricting respiratory condition.these percentage be longed to a group with constricting respiratory position, 13-24 months, 27/5 and more than 73 months, 35/5, i.e more increasing background, more increasing the percentage of afflicted people

Designing and manufacturing pressurized (hydraulic) hydro chlorinator

At present, one method of drinking water disinfection is use of per chlorine. It must be added with a certain amount. There are mechanical devices to do this work which need the energy to perform. Hence, giving attention to energy consumption and access to its supplier resources has special importance. Use of cost effective, recyclable and accessible energies forces the human to take daily efficient steps to optimal use of energy resources. This plan has been performed with the aim of using cheap and recyclable energies in order to injecting per chlorine to drinking water in areas without electrical power or where the problem is energy storage. Apparatus operation method: at present on our country the gaseous, electrical, hydro mechanical devices and a manual method have been used to chlorination. Especially, electrical and gaseous chlorine mixer have been used to inject chlorine to water supply pressure lines. But hydraulic chlorine mixer has the ability to inject chlorine by using hydraulic energy present in water supply pressure line, it means that the device will capture the hydraulic energy, it & inject per chlorine solution to water supply network with this force. Results: after studying and considering the operation method of these devices, research have been done and finally by using cylinder and piston and four containers were designed and made and tested successfully. This set is very heavy and complex. After investigation, a very small and portable set was made of light weight materials (polyethylene and pp) and its complexity has been reduced considerable. The presented sample can be produced in a mass

Considering the causes of inefficiency of supervision programs of Ilam city health center

In the context of health services, the main philosophy of health cares is proper distribution of health resources. According to definition, this purpose is attainable when the necessary facilities have been provided to respond the most preliminary and necessary health needs of society in home and work place and access to them must be easy and sustainable. This research has performed with a cross-sectional method in Ilam city in order to improve the present facilities in parallel with development of health indices. Materials and methods: In this research, it was investigated 17 rural and urban health centers, 3 health bases and 29 health houses. Necessary data and Figures in various contexts have been collected through prepared and pre-planned questionnaire. In the next step, the ideas of both observer and observed group were described based on respective questions and variables. With regard to this fact that in this study the purpose was to answer various questions from the perspective of both mentioned groups, then a special statistical test has not been performed. Findings: The findings of this research show that 34/2 of observed subjects mentioned that the supervision programs are varied and interesting,45/8 said they were repetitive. On the contrary 81/3 observers had the same idea. This investigation showed that 90/8 milieu forces (observed) and 62/5 observers were interested to their works. In this research 93/8 observers and 75/5 observed subjects have believed to effective role of education in improving health services. Results: Results obtained from this research showed that observed and observer groups were interested in their work and continued their activity seriously. The research results also showed that the main cause of the loss of health indices is (support) financial facilities and services which are not available to milieu and operational departments on time. As such in this research 77/5 observed subjects and 100 observed believed to this issue. © 2010, INSInet Publication

The assessment of heat stress in the employees of the confectionery workshops based on wbgt and di indexes: Case of Ilam city

Background and aims: Inappropriate atmospheric conditions are harmful factors that cause particular problems in certain seasons (summer or winter). The occupation of confectionery in the regions like Ilam causes severe problems due to the heat generated by the nature of the work (synthetic heat-generating processes) and the heat resulting from the climatic conditions in the region. Exposure to excessive heat, in addition to disrupting the physiology and health of the individuals that may cause many diseases and complications, also affects their efficiency and safety. One of the indices of heat stress is the WBGT index, confirmed by various national and international organizations and institutions as the standard method for measuring heat stress. WBGT index engages important environmental factors directly or indirectly in its computational structure. The Discomfort Index (DI) has been recommended for more than four decades along with the WBGT index for the evaluation of warm environments. Today, the oral temperature is used to determine the heat stress and strain. In addition, oral temperature is one of the important parameters for the validation of indices. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of heat stress complications in occupational environments, a study was conducted to determine the amount of heat stress in the employees of confectionery workshops in Ilam city, so as to identify the factors affecting the heat stress of workers and to provide recommendations for the reduction of these risk factors and to create a healthy working environment. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 104 workers in 35 confectionary workshops in summer of 2017. The sample size was selected based on census method. Prior to the study, the workers were monitored through medical records and interviews, and, two of them did not qualify for inclusion in the study. Measurement of the study variables was performed at the hottest work hours (10 to 14), once for each worker, in the worst workstation (nearest to the heat source). In the present study, four groups of occupations, i.e. workers of oven, mixer, flattener, cleaning and packaging, three types of ovens, i.e. layered, winch and furnace, and three productions of wet and dry pastry, cake and French bread, Baghlava and Ka'ak. Assessment of heat stress was performed by the WBGT (based on ISO7243 standard) and the DI indices. Metabolism and activity of workers were calculated according to the ACGIH standard. Also, the working pattern was 75 of the work-25 of the rest, and according to ISO 9920, the clothing insulation coefficient in WBGT calculations was 0.6 clo. Along with the environmental parameters such as dry bulb temperature, natural wet bulb temperature, globe bulb temperature, relative humidity and dew point temperature, the oral temperature of the workers was measured by a digital medical thermometer. Finally, data analysis was performed using SPSS v.22 and statistical tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation were performed. Results: Findings of this study showed that the mean of WBGT index in the workers of oven, mixer, flattener, cleaning and packaging was 33.66±3.96, 29.58±3.05, 31.73±3.61 and 29.87±2.4. Also, this index was 30.94±3.86, 34.14±3.89, and 32.2±2.91 for the winch (wet and dry pastry), layered (cake and French bread), and furnace (Baghlava and Ka'ak) ovens (products). These results show that the amount of heat stress in working with the oven and the cake and French bread product (layered oven) was more than others. Kruskal Wallis tests and one way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the mean of WBGT and DI indices with job variables, type of oven and products (p <0.05). A 95 confidence interval was observed in terms of the WBGT index between the subgroups of the oven and flattener, oven and cleaning and packing, layered oven and winch oven, and French bread and the wet and dry pastry. However, in terms of the DI index, this difference was found between the s b-groups of the oven and cleaning and packing, oven and mixer with flattener, layered oven and winch oven, and French bread and the wet and dry pastry. Pearson correlation test showed that there was no significant correlation between oral temperature and indices and variables (p<0.05). Based on the results of this study, the mean of WBGT index at the heights of head, waist and ankle was 32.54±5.01, 31.54±3.86 and 30.49±3.12, respectively. Also, according to Kruskal Wallis statistical tests and one way ANOVA, there was a significant difference in WBGT index and dry bulb temperature, natural wet bulb temperature, globe bulb temperature and relative humidity at the heights of head, waist and ankle (P <0.05). The results of the Mann-Whitney test indicated that there was a significant difference between the gender variable and the oral temperature (p <0.05), with the mean of this variable was higher in women (36.7±0.27) than men (36.42±0.84). The results of this study showed that 85.6 of the subjects had a “severe” discomfort index (DI), and regarding the WBGT index, 14.4 and 85.6 were lower and higher than the threshold, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, almost all of the workers in the confectionary workshops are exposed to heat stress, but subgroups of oven, mixer, layered oven (cake and French bread), furnace oven (Baghlava and Ka'ak) and the females were exposed to higher stress. So, these subjects have a priority when adopting control measures. It is recommended that measures such as pre-employment examinations, preparation of proper drinks, training the workers, reduction of working time, using thermal shields, using air conditioning system, and paying particular attention to reducing the wet temperature and relative humidity of the workplace are taken to minimize the exposure to heat and the resulting diseases. © 2019 Iran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Variability in total dust exposure in a cement factory

Exposure assessment is a main component of epidemiologic studies and variability in exposure. This assessment is considered as a common approach for such phenomenon. A total of 129 dust samples were collected randomly from 197 personnel from a cement factory located in Ilam province, during 2009 in Iran. The between- and within-group components of variability were determined to assess the contrast in exposure level between the Similar Exposure Groups (SEGs) and to calculate the within-worker geometric standard deviation of the theoretical exposure-response slope. Results were analyzing by one-way random effects model. According to the mentioned model, the probability of long-term mean exposure exceeding to the occupational exposure limit (OEL) was assessed for each SEGs. The arithmetic means (AM) of total dust levels ranged from 0.04 to 39.37 mg/m 3. The geometric means (GM) of total dust were higher in the crusher (20.84 mg/m 3), packing (17.29 mg/m 3), kiln (16.78 mg/m 3), cement mill (14.90 mg/m 3), and raw mill (10.44 mg/m 3). However, the figures for the maintenance and administration parts were 3.77 mg/m 3 and 1.01 mg/m 3, respectively. The random effects model data demonstrated that the F-value calculated was greater than the critical F-value approximately 59 of the variability in the exposure was due to differences between groups. Based on these finding, the order of probability of the long-term mean exposure exceeding (Z) to the OEL of 10 mg/m 3 for total dust which were in kiln (100), packing (100), cement mill (90), crusher (73), raw mill (60) administration (2.3) and the maintenance parts (0). © 2012 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

Considering the useful effects on improving the health plans to improve the health in rural and urban health centers and health houses under he protection of Ilam city health center

Today, health needs, both for the poor and the wealth, have been differentiated obviously from 50 or one hundred years ago. There is growing expectations of access to health care in every possible way and the demand of these methods is increasing to support patients and their families exposed to the non - optimal health financial costs. In summary, health systems not only have the responsibility of the individual health improvement, but also a burden of protecting them against patient's financial costs. Therefore, health system has 3 basic purposes: A. improving the health of the targeted population. B. responding to people's expectations. C. Financial supporting against non - optimal costs, which need a professional, beneficial and motivated work force. in the context of health services, human workforce in not only most important, valuable and mostly resource, but is a means to change other resources in a way added to us services and finally optimal use of them. Procedure: this research includes personnel of rural and urban health centers, health hoses, health bases, also health personnel of Ilam city health center. In this research 120 numbers of environmental personnel (rural and urban therapeutically - health centers, health bases and health houses), 20 numbers of the personnel of municipal health center basis (technicians and experts) participated statistically in performing this research. The results of this investigation showed that 83/4 of environmental personnel confirmed that the role of training is very useful for health purposes and 83.4 of institutional personnel of health center believed such issue. Also, these results showed that 85environmental personnel imparted their educational reserves to common people emotionally and motivate. This study showed that the lack of financial funds and logistical facilities has stagnated the health plans