Energy transducing processes in growing and starving lactic acid streptococcci

The investigations described in this thesis deal with these aspects with emphasis on the regulation of energy transducing processes. In addition, extensive attention has been paid to the (eco)physiological significance of the observed regulatory mechanisms. Zie: Summar

Differences in language development among young children in Northeast Netherlands

It is generally assumed that in the countryside of Northeast Netherlands children enter primary school with a language delay. Despite the apparent consensus, unequivocal evidence demonstrating that the number of young children with language delays and the magnitude of these delays is, however, lacking. The first aim of this dissertation was, therefore, to examine whether children in Northeast Netherlands indeed enter primary school with language delays, compared to national norms and to same-aged children in other parts of the country. The second aim was to examine the role of socioeconomic and cultural determinants of language development in young children at the beginning stages of primary education.The findings revealed that there are no overall language delays in young children at the beginning stage of primary education in Northeast Netherlands. The predominant image that young children in this region start primary school with a language delay, needs to be adjusted. However, there are clear indications that within the general population in Northeast Netherlands, a relatively large group of children suffers from persistent language delays. It is suggested that changing demographic composition of the villages in the northeastern countryside is related to the differences in language skills that are indicated in this research. Empirical evidence is found for this assumption: this research has revealed that the relationship of socioeconomic factors such as maternal education and language skills of young children are mediated by cultural factors such as the literacy use of parents, their beliefs about child rearing and education, and their expectations regarding children’s academic achievement

Synthetic Biology:From engineering living systems to the bottom=up construction of synthetic cells

‘What is life?’ One of the most intriguing and difficult questions to answer. Richard Feynman argued that ‘Everything that living systems do is done by atoms that act according to the laws of physics’, and this is the basis we (all) build on. Today, it is still difficult to define life, even at the cellular scale. At the molecular level, however, it is well established that life is a system of self-sustained chemical processes. Complex networks of proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules sustain the essential processes of energy provision, gene expression and cell reproduction that characterize living matter. Biochemical networks direct cell growth and division, and through the uptake of nutrients, conservation of metabolic energy and the excretion of waste, they maintain a dynamic state far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In fact, a living system that reaches equilibrium is dead

Differences in language development among young children in Northeast Netherlands

It is generally assumed that in the countryside of Northeast Netherlands children enter primary school with a language delay. Despite the apparent consensus, unequivocal evidence demonstrating that the number of young children with language delays and the magnitude of these delays is, however, lacking. The first aim of this dissertation was, therefore, to examine whether children in Northeast Netherlands indeed enter primary school with language delays, compared to national norms and to same-aged children in other parts of the country. The second aim was to examine the role of socioeconomic and cultural determinants of language development in young children at the beginning stages of primary education. The findings revealed that there are no overall language delays in young children at the beginning stage of primary education in Northeast Netherlands. The predominant image that young children in this region start primary school with a language delay, needs to be adjusted. However, there are clear indications that within the general population in Northeast Netherlands, a relatively large group of children suffers from persistent language delays. It is suggested that changing demographic composition of the villages in the northeastern countryside is related to the differences in language skills that are indicated in this research. Empirical evidence is found for this assumption: this research has revealed that the relationship of socioeconomic factors such as maternal education and language skills of young children are mediated by cultural factors such as the literacy use of parents, their beliefs about child rearing and education, and their expectations regarding children’s academic achievement