Beyond the Year of the Woman

Women make up about 50% of the American population but currently only 24% of Congress. This persistent underrepresentation is a matter of concern because Congress often votes on issues that disproportionately affect women. Prior research has established a consistent set of variables that factor into the supply of and demand for women in elected offices, namely incumbency, party, district characteristics, candidate characteristics and voter stereotypes. In 1992, deemed the “Year of the Woman” where a record number of women won seats in Congress, an increased number of those candidates embraced stereotypically female strengths and employed those in their campaign strategies. Is “running as a woman” an effective strategy when a female candidate is pitted against a male candidate? There is a gap in the literature on the factors that explicitly affect whether and under what conditions female candidates can outperform male opponents. This research seeks to address that deficiency by directly examining whether “running as a woman” affects a female candidate’s likelihood of success against a male opponent in a focused-structured comparison of seven such races in the 2018 Midterm elections. Analysis of campaign materials reveals that emphasizing gender is a useful campaign strategy for women

Sharir Kriyatmak aspect of Grahani

Ayurveda aims at preservation of health and curing of the disease. Ayurveda emphasizes more on the normal condition of Jatharagni (digestive fire), that is why it has been mentioned as “Rogaha Sarvepi Mandagni.” The food undergoes metabolic transformation by Jatharagni and results in maintenance of the body tissue elements by their growth and repair processes. According to Charaka, Jatharagni is the leader of all the factors concern with digestion in the body of all living beings. Charaka also states the seat of Agni is also known as ‘Grahani’ because it receives and retains the food. Further, the main function of Grahani is to support Pachak Pitta which is required for digestion of food, which is brought to this part on the way to Pakwashaya. Grahani not only helps in digestion and metabolism but also take care of separation of Sara and Kitta. Any impairment of Agni will impart the integrity of Grahani. Grahani Roga is one of the very commonly seen diseases in our society, may be because of perverted food habits, socioeconomically condition, modern lifestyle and mental state of human beings. The aim of this study is to describe the Grahani in its Sharir Kriyatmaka (physiological) aspect. So, that it will be easy to prepare efficient protocol for diagnosis and treatment of Grahani Roga

Predicting DDoS Attacks Preventively Using Darknet Time-Series Dataset

The cyber crimes in today’s world have been a major concern for network administrators. The number of DDoS attacks in the last few decades is increasing at the fastest pace. Hackers are attacking the network, small or large with this common attacks named as DDoS. The consequences of this attack are worse as it disrupts the service provider’s trust among its customers. This article employs machine learning methods to estimate short-term consequences on the number and dimension of hosts that an assault may target. KDD Cup 99, CIC IDS 2017 and CIC Darknet 2020 datasets are used for building a prediction model. The feature selection for prediction is based on KDD Cup 99 and CIC IDS 2017 dataset; CIC Darknet 2020 dataset is used for prediction of impact of DDoS attack by employing LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) algorithm. This model can help network administrators to identify and preventively predict the attacks within five minutes of the commencement of the potential attack

Evaluation of thyroid disorders in abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB) is a common clinical presentation in gynecology. Alteration in thyroid hormones level has been associated with menstrual disturbances. This study is aimed to know the prevalence of thyroid disorders amongst AUB patients and also the different patterns of menstrual abnormalities associated with thyroid disorders.Methods: 100 Patient of clinically diagnosed AUB were taken from gynecology OPD. All the patients from 19 to 45 age groups presenting with menstrual disturbances were tested for thyroid function by measuring ST3, ST4, and S.TSH.Results: Out of 100 women of AUB, majority were in the age group of 31-40 years (38%), 54% were multiparous and 44% presented with menorrhagia. 65% were euthyroid, 17% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 15% had overt hypothyroidism and 3% were diagnosed as hyperthyroid. Subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were detected mostly in the age group of 31-40 years. The commonest bleeding abnormalities in hypothyroid patient were menorrhagia and polymenorrhoea. While most of the hyperthyroid cases were oligomenorrhoic.Conclusions: The study concludes that biochemical evaluation of thyroid function is an easy, reliable method and should be made mandatory in all cases of AUB

Colposcopic evaluation of cervical erosion in symptomatic women

Background: This study was carried out to find the colposcopic findings in the symptomatic patients with cervical erosion and correlate the findings with cytology and histopathology.Methods: All the patients coming to gynaecological OPD with symptoms of white discharge, pruritus vulvae, menstrual irregularities were examined by per speculum examination and all those who had cervical erosion were included in the study and pap smear and colposcopy both were done in all subjects. The colposcopic guided biopsy was done in women with abnormal findings on colposcopy (50 women) and reports were compared. Abnormal colposcopic findings were graded according to Reid’s colposcopic index (RCI).Results: Majority of patients came with the complaint of white discharge per vaginum (55%).Out of 120 patients, 85 women (70.9%) had inflammatory pap smear and 35 women (29.1%)had abnormal pap smear. All patients underwent colposcopic examination and out of 120 patients, 67(55.8%) showed normal colposcopic findings and 50 women (41.6%) had abnormal colposcopic finding and biopsy was taken. 3 women had unsatisfactory colposcopy. Histopathology confirmed 24 (48%) women with CIN I and 12 (24%) CIN II and 6 (12%) CIN III and 2 (4%) women with carcinoma cervix. The colposcopy findings and histopathology correlated in 88%.Conclusions: Colposcopy should be prescribed to all symptomatic patients with cervical erosion as it is a good diagnostic tool for pre-malignant conditions of cervix and correlates well with histopathological findings

Face Recognition using SOM Network

This paper presents novel technique for recognizing faces. From the last two decades, face recognition is playing an important and vital role especially in the field of commercial, banking, social and law enforcement area. It is an interesting application of pattern recognition and hence received significant attention. The complete process of face recognition covers in three stages, face detection, feature extraction and recognition. Various techniques are then needed for these three stages. Also these techniques vary from various other surrounding factors such as face orientation, expression, lighting and background. The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) Neural Network has been used for training of database and simulation of FR system. In this paper the feature extraction methods discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT) simulated in MATLAB are explained

Gynecological correlation of thyroid disorders in women

Background: Thyroid dysfunctions are a common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). They affect menstrual function and reproductive health. The common presenting complaints are weight gain, menstrual irregularities, PCOS, infertility, fatigue, constipation and body aches.In this study we recommended that any woman presenting with undiagnosed fatigue, weight gain, infertility and menstrual disorders should be subjected to Thyroid profile screening. Thus, there is a need to explore this aspect in the earlier stages so as to prevent long term consequences with reproduction and quality of life.Methods: Current study is a retrospective study. The present study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Cama and Albess hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from a period of January 2021 to December 2021, 300 women of reproductive age group between menarche to menopause. Quantitative determination of Serum T3, T4 and TSH by CLIA estimated in autoanalyser.Results: The most common age group studied was between 32-40 years. Hyperthyroidism was more common in multipara and hypothyroidism was more common in P2L2. The most common type of menstrual disturbance was menorrhagia. (40.33%) Menorrhagia has been seen to have significant association with thyroid dysfunction. Prevalence of obesity in the study population is 4% and overweight is 23.66%. About 11.33 % of overweight women and 2% of obese women are hypothyroid. 2% of hyperthyroid women are underweight (BMI<18). About 6.33% of women with hypothyroidism had PCOS, most commonly associated with menstrual complaints such as amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea. 14% of women with hypothyroidism had clinical findings of anaemia and/or thyromegaly on clinical examination. 14% of women had severe anaemia in the study group, out of which 6.7% of hypothyroid women had severe anaemia. 3.66% women presented with infertility.Conclusions: Biochemical evaluation of thyroid function tests should be compulsory in all patients with menstrual irregularities, PCOS, infertility, fatigue, body aches, anaemia, thyromegaly, weight gain, constipation to detect thyroid dysfunction

Surgical outcome in germ cell tumor of ovary

Background: Ovarian cancer accounts for 225,000 new cases and 140,000 deaths every year. Ovarian germ cell tumors account for 15-20% of all ovarian malignancies and incidence of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors is 2-6%. These tumors typically occur in adolescent girls and young women. Appropriate fertility conserving surgical treatment for patients where fertility needs to be preserved and resection of all visible disease can be successfully performed. For patients with advanced-stage disease, debulking surgery is done.Methods: Current study is a retrospective study. The present study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Cama and Albess hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from a period of May 2019 to December 2021. This study was conducted with 30 patients to evaluate the outcome in operated cases of germ cell tumors of ovary.Results: Majority of the patients (30%) were in the age group of 31-40 years, 17 (56.7%) patients were unmarried while 13 (43.3%) patients were married. The most common symptom was abdominal mass and pain (86.7%). The most common histologic type was dysgerminoma (46.7%). Out of total 19 patients with FIGO stage I, 13 patients (68.4%) underwent Fertility sparing surgery (FSS) and 6 patients (31.6%) underwent non fertility sparing surgery (non-FSS).Conclusions: Surgery has an important role in the management of germ cell tumors. Initial careful surgical staging is of great importance for appropriate subsequent therapy. Fertility sparing surgery is feasible in most cases. Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors have excellent prognosis for stage I and for advanced stages

Optimal management of diabetic pregnancies and its current practice: a one-year study in a tertiary care center

Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of 21st century and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most crucial illnesses complicating women of child-bearing age. The objectives of this study is to determine the maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes either GDM or pre-existing diabetes.Methods: An analysis of pregnant women was done retrospectively at KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belgaum. 171 cases were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. 162 cases developed GDM and 9 had pre-existing diabetes. Pregnant women who were found to be diabetic pre conceptionally or in the first trimester were classified as pre-existing diabetes. All pregnant women diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were studied and relevant maternal and fetal outcomes and complications were assessed.Results: There were171 diabetic women in this retrospective study out of which 94.7% had GDM and 5.26% had pre-existing diabetes. Rate of pre-eclampsia was 24.56%, preterm delivery was 17.54% and polyhydramnios was 15.20%. Rate of caesarean section were 57.30% and vaginal delivery was 45.06%. In fetal and neonatal complications, the rate of fetal macrosomia was 11.1%, hyperbilirubinemia 15.78%, respiratory distress syndrome 9.94%.Conclusions: Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with increased risks to the maternal and fetal complications. The aim of this study is to lay emphasis upon early detection, screening and timely management that will reduce the adverse outcomes in both mother and fetus. predicted

Cornual Abscess Rupture: A Rare Etiology of Acute Abdomen

Ruptured cornual abscess or pyometra can resemble other more common causes of acute abdomen, including appendicitis, diverticulitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and perforated viscus. Despite its rarity, the diagnosis of ruptured pyometra should always be considered in females presenting with acute abdominal pain, particularly in the setting of a retained intrauterine device