О правовой природе ипотечного кризиса в США

The article discussed issues related of essence and the reasons of genesis of hypothecary crisis are considered, and also to the study of the legal status of motgage lending institutions in the USA: Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac. In addition, addresses issues related to the consideration of the legal mechanisms for mortgage loans.В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с исследованием сущности и причин возникновения ипотечного кризиса, а также правового положения ипотечных кредитных организаций в США: Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac. Помимо этого, рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с рассмотрением механизмов правового обеспечения ипотечных займов

Особенности правового статуса ипотечных организаций США в исторической ретроспективе

The article discusses the historical retrospective provision of U.S. banks mortgages. It marks the formative stages of the U.S. mortgages system. The features of the U.S. mortgages system.В статье рассматривается историческая ретроспектива предоставления банками США ипотечных кредитов. Автор выделяет этапы формирования ипотечной системы США. Анализируются особенности развития ипотечной системы США

The secondary mortgage market in the USA: Features and structure

In the present article author explores characteristics and structure of the secondary mortgage market of the United States of America. The study begins with the history of the development of the market. Thus, the author notes that the practice of issuing securities backed by mortgage assets stared with the work of “Ginnie Mae”. Such refinancing helped to provide “Fannie Mae,” and then began the development of the turnover of securities, backed by pools of mortgages. Further the author considers: 1. the main features of the securities issued by mortgage institutions; 2. “Fannie Mae”: the main types of equity securities (debt instruments); 3. “Fannie Mae”: the purchase of mortgage loans on the free market system; 4. Tandem program; 5. Conduits: non-governmental mortgage organizations. In conclusion, the author infers that the experience of the USA arouses the particular interest. Since 1970, the United States achieved significant results and laid the foundation for the economic development of the USA. © 2015, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved

The secondary mortgage market in the USA: Features and structure

In the present article author explores characteristics and structure of the secondary mortgage market of the United States of America. The study begins with the history of the development of the market. Thus, the author notes that the practice of issuing securities backed by mortgage assets stared with the work of “Ginnie Mae”. Such refinancing helped to provide “Fannie Mae,” and then began the development of the turnover of securities, backed by pools of mortgages. Further the author considers: 1. the main features of the securities issued by mortgage institutions; 2. “Fannie Mae”: the main types of equity securities (debt instruments); 3. “Fannie Mae”: the purchase of mortgage loans on the free market system; 4. Tandem program; 5. Conduits: non-governmental mortgage organizations. In conclusion, the author infers that the experience of the USA arouses the particular interest. Since 1970, the United States achieved significant results and laid the foundation for the economic development of the USA. © 2015, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved

Smart contracts as a legal instrument of developing the export potential of intellectual property rights in international economic activity

The emergence of new legal tools mediating relationships in the transfer of intellectual property rights allows resolving issues of quick access to the international right holder market, expands opportunities for the international transfer of intellectual technologies, minimizes costs related to the remote location of contracting parties in different parts of the world. However, there are several new problems emerging due to the absence of legal regulation of legal relationships which arise from smart contracts, the controversy of the current international and national legal norms regulating the international trade of intellectual property items, as well as the tendency of the national law to establish limits and restrictions for the international trade of technologies; the impossibility to identify the entity entering into smart-contract-based legal relationships clearly and unambiguously, etc. Creating a cohesive and consistent legal regulatory system requires a scientific analysis for the purpose of creating a fundamental scientific basis for improvement of the current legislation. The methodology of a study is determined by its goals and objectives and is based on the dialytic method of cognition as an assembly of general and specific scientific methods. The paper presents a theoretical study of issues related to the application of smart contacts in the formation of legal relationships during the transfer of intellectual property rights in conducting foreign economic activities. A detailed analysis of the Russian and international law in force has been conducted. A justifiable conclusion has been made that it is necessary to abandon national regulation of relationships involving intellectual property rights and create international legal acts. The research of the issue of identification of entities entering into legal relationships via a smart contract has revealed that there is neither required legal regulation nor resolution of the problem in scientific literature. It has been concluded that it is necessary to reference identification not to the physical person but to the physical person’s account. Conceptual provisions have been substantiated for the introduction of the new concept of ‘digital person’. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

Ways to resolve the debt crisis of the eurozone through integration and disintegration processes

This article states the basic peculiarities of the behavior of the debt crisis in the Eurozone, and defines basic areas of overcoming this crisis. Based on the materials stated in this article, we made the following principal conclusions: The European Union is the most powerful and important economic and political union of states that plays the leading role in the global politics and world economy. The Eurozone formed in the European Union (economic currency union) consists of the strongest and rather weak economies. It affects the financial and economic state of the Eurozone (Euro-19), as well as the efficiency of managing state debt obligations. Further expansion of the European Union is characterized by the limiting factors, including by reason of the incompletion of institutionalization and integration processes in this economic and political union of countries. It creates new financial risks and potentiates the development of the debt problem. Solving the debt problem of the Eurozone has two variants (soft and tough models). The use of the tough model may finally cause the formation of the federative state (integration strengthening). It will affect national, economic, and political component of the European Union development. The use of the soft model can cause the disintegration, i.e. it will stipulate the exit of the economically weakest European countries from the zone. It will affect the reputation of the European Union and its positions in the world economy. Probably, in order to solve the debt problem, a complex of solutions will be used. It includes separate components of the soft and the tough models. It will also mean the transfer to a new institutional formation of the European Union, as well as legal basics of the economic and political union of European countries

Ways to resolve the debt crisis of the eurozone through integration and disintegration processes

This article states the basic peculiarities of the behavior of the debt crisis in the Eurozone, and defines basic areas of overcoming this crisis. Based on the materials stated in this article, we made the following principal conclusions: The European Union is the most powerful and important economic and political union of states that plays the leading role in the global politics and world economy. The Eurozone formed in the European Union (economic currency union) consists of the strongest and rather weak economies. It affects the financial and economic state of the Eurozone (Euro-19), as well as the efficiency of managing state debt obligations. Further expansion of the European Union is characterized by the limiting factors, including by reason of the incompletion of institutionalization and integration processes in this economic and political union of countries. It creates new financial risks and potentiates the development of the debt problem. Solving the debt problem of the Eurozone has two variants (soft and tough models). The use of the tough model may finally cause the formation of the federative state (integration strengthening). It will affect national, economic, and political component of the European Union development. The use of the soft model can cause the disintegration, i.e. it will stipulate the exit of the economically weakest European countries from the zone. It will affect the reputation of the European Union and its positions in the world economy. Probably, in order to solve the debt problem, a complex of solutions will be used. It includes separate components of the soft and the tough models. It will also mean the transfer to a new institutional formation of the European Union, as well as legal basics of the economic and political union of European countries