Antiviral and Immunostimulant Activities of Andrographis paniculata

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees is a medicinal plant which was reported to have anti HIV, anti pathogenic bacteria and immunoregulatory activities. The research purpose was to investigate the activity of Andrographis paniculata ethanol extract as antiviral and immunostimulant. A. paniculata leaves oven-dried, then grinded and macerated with ethanol 90%, and the extract then analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to determine the content of active compounds andrographolide. The antiviral activity of the extract was determined by observing its ability on inhibiting virus load in A549 cells transfected with Simian Retro Virus (SRV) by Real Time – Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The immunostimulant activity of extract was determined by its ability to induce lymphocytes cell proliferation using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our result indicated that the A. paniculata ethanol extract inhibited the SRV virus titer similar to the positive control Lamivudine, and it was not toxic to the A459 cell line. Furthermore, low concentration (1 μg/mL) of A. paniculata extract could stimulated lymphocyte cell proliferation about 38% compared to the control lymphocyte cell without any treatment

PRELIMINARY CYTOTOXIC EVALUATION OF Andrographis paniculata IN BREAST CANCER CELL LINES

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) banyak digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit di Indonesia dan negara-negara Asia lainnya. Dalam studi ini, ekstrak metanol dan etanol sambiloto yang diperoleh dari B2PTO Tawangmangu telah diuji terhadap sel lini kanker payudara T47D dan MCF-7 dan sel lini normal fibroblast HFL-1 menggunakan reaksi enzimatik 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT). Uji in vitro terhadap sel lini normal fibroblast HFL-1 menunjukkan bahwa 50 ppm ekstrak metanol sambiloto tidak menghambat pertumbuhan sel. Tetapi, ekstrak metanol dan etanolnya menghasilkan IC50 yang relatif rendah pada sel lini kanker payudara, yaitu 111 ppm dan 122 ppm pada sel lini MCF-7 dan 70 ppm dan 197 ppm pada sel lini T47D. Selain itu, campuran ekstrak sambiloto yang mengandung 25% ekstrak Thyponium divaricatum dan Anredera cordifolia memberikan daya hambat pertumbuhan pada sel kanker payudara MCF-7 yang lebih besar, dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing adalah 68 ppm dan 34 ppm. Kesimpulannya, total ekstrak metanol atau etanol sambiloto yang diperoleh dari Tawangmangu memiliki potensi sebagai sumber senyawa anti-kanker serta perlu kajian lebih lanjut.Kata kunci: Ekstrak Andrographis paniculata, MTT, sel lini normal, sel lini kanker, aktivitas anti kanker ABSTRACTSambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is widely used as medicine to treat various diseases in Indonesia and other Asian countries. In this study, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of sambiloto collected from B2PTO Tawangmangu have been tested againts breast cancer cell lines of T47D and MCF-7 and normal fibroblast cell line of HFL-1 using enzymatic reaction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT). In vitro assay performed on normal fibroblast of HFL-1 cell line showed that 50 ppm of methanolic extract of sambiloto did not inhibit cell growth. However, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of sambiloto gave relatively low of IC50 on breast cancer cell lines which were 111 ppm and 122 ppm on the MCF-7 cell lines and 70 ppm and 197 ppm on the T47D cell lines, respectively. In addition, the mixture of sambiloto extract containing 25% of Thyponium divaricatum and Anredera cordifolia extracts confered greater growth inhibition on breast cancer cell line of MCF-7, where IC50 values were 68 ppm and 34 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, the total methanolic or ethanolic extract of sambiloto collected from Tawangmangu has potency as a source of anti-cancer compounds and needs further study.Key words: Andrographis paniculata extract, MTT, normal cell line, cancer cell lines, anti-cancer activit

Karakteristik fisik dan komposisi kimia minyak kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) asal Maluku dan Nusa Tenggara Barat [Physical characteristics and chemical composition of eucalyptus oil (Melaleuca cajuputi) from Maluku and West Nusa Tenggara]

Eucalyptus oil is an essential oil popular in Indonesia due to its ability to treat flatulence, induce a sense of warmth, and serve as an antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and aromatherapy agent. Melaleuca cajuputi is a species of eucalyptus plant that yields eucalyptus oil. This plant is commonly found in Central Maluku and West Nusa Tenggara. The distilling process of eucalyptus oil took four hours and involved using steam distillation. Several physical parameters, including cineole content, oil weight, specific gravity, optical rotation, and ethanol solubility, were utilized to evaluate the grade of the produced eucalyptus oil. The analysis of physical properties was conducted using SNI 06-3954-2006-compliant methodologies. The volatile compounds of eucalyptus oil were analyzed using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The test results indicated that the purity of eucalyptus oil from Maluku and NTB specifically met the requirements of SNI 06-3954-2006. GC-MS measurement revealed that eucalyptus oil from Maluku, with a yield of 1.42%, contained 26 chemical components, with 1.8-cineole comprising the highest percentage at 67.38%. In contrast, the yield of NTB eucalyptus oil was 1.84%, and it contained 21 volatile compounds of which the compound of 1.8 cineole made up 66.58% of the component compositio