22 research outputs found

    āļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ­āļąāļĨāđ„āļ‹āđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒ Free Radicals and Alzheimer’s Disease

    Get PDF
    āļšāļ—āļ„āļąāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­ āļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ ROS āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāļ›āļāļīāļāļīāļĢāļīāļĒāļēāļāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļĩāļ§āđ‚āļĄāđ€āļĨāļāļļāļĨāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒāđāļāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđƒāļ™āļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ DNA āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļĄāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļˆāļ°āļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļšāļēāļ”āđ€āļˆāđ‡āļšāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļĨāđ„āļāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļžāļĒāļēāļ˜āļīāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ­āļąāļĨāđ„āļ‹āđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ— āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Ab plaques āđāļĨāļ° NFTs āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡ oxidative stress āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Ab āļ­āļēāļˆāļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ—āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡ oxidative stress āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒ DNA āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ lipid peroxidation āđƒāļ™āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ­āļąāļĨāđ„āļ‹āđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ° temporal lobe āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļœāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļ oxidative stress āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆ HNE āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāļĐāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ—āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ”āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ­āļąāļĨāđ„āļ‹āđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ DNA āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āļīāđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ­āļąāļĨāđ„āļ‹āđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆ hydroxyl radicals āđ„āļ›āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļ•āđˆāļ­ DNA āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļĒāļąāļ‡āļŠāļąāļāļ™āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ›āļāļ•āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄāđ‚āļ•āļ„āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ”āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ• ROS āļĄāļēāļāļœāļīāļ”āļ›āļāļ•āļī āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒ āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ­āļąāļĨāđ„āļ‹āđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒ āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°, oxidative stress, āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļ­āļąāļĨāđ„āļ‹āđ€āļĄāļ­āļĢāđŒAbstract Free radicals contain ROS which reacts with biomolecules causing damage to various components of the cell. ROS destroys DNA structure and changes proteins and lipids on the cell membrane. A large number of free radicals can cause cell injuries, which are important pathological mechanisms of various diseases including Alzheimer's disease caused by nerve degeneration. The accumulation of Ab plaques and NFTs and oxidative stress lead to pathological progress of Alzheimer’s disease. Ab accumulation may lead to nerve degeneration through oxidative stress, such as DNA and protein destruction. Increased lipid peroxidation in the brain of Alzheimer's patients especially the temporal lobe was found. Oxidative stress products, such as HNE, are toxic to nerve cells and impair the membrane proteins function. Oxidation of proteins by free radicals resulting, increased oxidative damage with hydroxyl radicals acting on the DNA may play a role in Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrial disorders were caused by abnormal ROS production. These conditions lead to loss of cell function, cell death and degeneration of neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Keywords: free radicals, oxidative stress, Alzheimer’s diseas

    āļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āļīāđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļžāļēāļĢāđŒāļāļīāļ™āļŠāļąāļ™ The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease

    Get PDF
    āļšāļ—āļ„āļąāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­ āļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ reactive oxygen species (ROS) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļģāļ›āļāļīāļāļīāļĢāļīāļĒāļēāļāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļĩāļ§āđ‚āļĄāđ€āļĨāļāļļāļĨāļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒāđāļāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāđƒāļ™āļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ DNA āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ āļēāļžāđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ„āļ‚āļĄāļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļĄāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āļīāđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™ (oxidative stress) āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŠāļĄāļ”āļļāļĨāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ ROS āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĩāļ§āđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļĩāļ§āļ°āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒ reactive intermediates āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡ ROS āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļēāļĒāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ‚āļĄāđ€āļĨāļāļļāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļēāļāļžāļĒāļēāļ˜āļīāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĄāļ­āļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ basal ganglia āļāđ‡āļˆāļ°āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ”āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļžāļēāļĢāđŒāļāļīāļ™āļŠāļąāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļĄāļĩāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āđ€āļ”āđˆāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄāđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ•āļĩāļ™āļœāļīāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— (misfolded proteins) āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒ āđāļĨāļ° Lewy bodies āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļđāļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ—āđ‚āļ”āļžāļēāļĄāļīāđ€āļ™āļ­āļĢāđŒāļˆāļīāļ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļĨāļ”āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļšāļāļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĨāđˆāļ­āļĒāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ—āđ‚āļ”āļ›āļēāļĄāļĩāļ™Â  āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļžāļēāļĢāđŒāļāļīāļ™āļŠāļąāļ™āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļāđˆÂ  āļ­āļēāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāđˆāļ™Â  āđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļŠāđ‰āļē  āđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđ€āļāļĢāđ‡āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļĨāļģāļšāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ” oxidative stress āđƒāļ™āļŠāļĄāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļ dopamine metabolism, āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđ€āļŦāļĨāđ‡āļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļ„āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļđāļ‡āđƒāļ™ substantia nigra, mitochondria dysfunction, neuroinflammation āđāļĨāļ° genetic mutations āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ—āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļĨāđ„āļāļŦāļĨāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄ oxidation āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļ›āļēāļĄāļĩāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ” neuromelanin, āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĨāđ‡āļ āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ• reduced glutathione āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄ oxidized glutathione āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļŠāļđāđˆāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‹āļĨāļĨāđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ—āđƒāļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāļžāļēāļĢāđŒāļāļīāļ™āļŠāļąāļ™ āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āļ āļēāļ§āļ°āđ€āļ„āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ”āļ­āļ­āļāļ‹āļīāđ€āļ”āļŠāļąāļ™, āļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļđāļĨāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°, āđ‚āļĢāļ„āļžāļēāļĢāđŒāļāļīāļ™āļŠāļąāļ™Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as free radicals interact with biomolecules resulting in damage to the composition of the cells in the body, such as the destruction of the DNA structure, the transformation of proteins and lipids of the cell membrane. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between ROS produced by biochemical processes and the biochemical system's ability to destroy reactive intermediates, leading to ROS accumulation which could cause molecular damage and cell death. Such neurodegeneration in the basal ganglia could lead to the reduction or defect of dopaminergic neurons which results in the reduction in dopamine release. Specific mechanisms involve the accumulation of misfolded proteins within the cells and Lewy bodies. With the reduced release of dopamine, symptoms of Parkinson's are apparent including bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity and postural instability. Oxidative stress in the brain is due to dopamine metabolism, high iron and calcium levels in substantia nigra, mitochondria dysfunction, neuroinflammation and genetic mutations. This results in the destruction of neurons by a variety of mechanisms such as increased dopamine oxidation and the occurrence of neuromelanin, increased iron concentrations, reduced glutathione production and increased oxidized glutathione, leading to degeneration and death of neurons in Parkinson's patients. Keywords: oxidative stress, free radicals, Parkinson’s diseas

    Obesity and colorectal cancer: molecular features of adipose tissue

    Full text link

    Formulation and evaluation of gels containing coconut kernel extract for topical application

    No full text
    The biological activity of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) extracts from its kernels and various parts was reported by many previous studies, it is therefore believable that the extracts of its kernels might show some activities in topical formulations. Among several kernel extracts, the TC06 extract prepared by soaking the steamed coconut kernels in hot water showed the highest total phenolic content (6.98â€ŊÂąâ€Ŋ0.30â€Ŋmg GAE/g extract) and the strongest antioxidant activity as determined using FRAP and DPPH methods with a reducing power value of 4.12â€ŊÂąâ€Ŋ0.16â€Ŋmg AAE/g of extract and an SC50 value of 2.38â€ŊÂąâ€Ŋ0.14â€Ŋmg/ml, respectively. In addition, this extract did not display any cytotoxic effects in the concentration range of 50–3200â€ŊÂĩg/ml. Meanwhile, it revealed cytoprotective effects against t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells at concentrations higher than 400â€ŊÂĩg/ml. The results of phytochemical investigations including a chemical color test, TLC, 1H NMR and FTIR suggested that the TC06 extract was mainly composed of flavonoids and terpenoids. Furthermore, the concentrations of heavy metals including As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the TC06 extract were below permissible limits. According to the solubility, the TC06 extract was incorporated into gels using Carbopol Ultrez 21 as a gelling agent. The formulated gel containing 3% (w/w) TC06 extract was stable at 4 °C and 25 °C with 75% RH throughout the storage period. It was found that the Carbopol Ultrez 21-based hydroalcoholic gel containing an aqueous extract of coconut kernels exhibited antioxidant activities in the two assays and showed a sufficient consistency, a pleasing color, and a non-oily perception during the period of observation. Keywords: Coconut kernel, Extract, Gel, Antioxidant activity, Phytochemical screenin

    A novel approach to analyze gene expression data demonstrates that the ΔF508 mutation in CFTR downregulates the antigen presentation pathway

    No full text
    Gene array studies comparing cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF genotypes should reveal factors that explain variability in CF lung disease progression, yielding insights that lead to improved CF care. To date, studies have reached conflicting conclusions, perhaps due to experimental differences and divergent statistical approaches. This review aims: 1) to summarize the findings of four recent gene studies comparing CF and non-CF genotypes, and 2) to reanalyze original data using a recently developed statistical approach, with the aim of identifying genes and paths consistently regulated by the CF genotype. We identified four studies evaluating the effect of the ΔF508-CFTR mutation on human airway epithelial cell gene expression, restricting our investigation to human airway epithelial cell studies whose data were accessible in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus or the European Bioinformatic Institute's ArrayExpress. Gene expression patterns showed consistent repression of MHC class I antigen presentation genes in CF human airway epithelia, suggesting a novel mechanistic explanation for poor clearance of viral and bacterial infections by CF patients. We also examined proinflammatory and NF-ιB genes, whose induction is widely accepted as a hallmark of the CF genotype, but found little evidence of induction, consistent with a recent review (Machen TE, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291: C218–C230, 2006.). In conclusion, our analysis suggests that the CF genotype may impair immune function in airway epithelial cells but may not increase inflammation. Additional studies are required to determine whether MHC class I gene repression in CF reduces antigen presentation at the protein level and whether repression impairs immune function

    Emerging Evidence for the Importance of Phosphorylation in the Regulation of NADPH Oxidases

    No full text
    The NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzyme family generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to cell signaling, innate immune responses, proliferation, and transcription. The signaling mechanisms that regulate this important enzyme family are only beginning to be understood. Evidence is emerging which suggests that phosphorylation of Nox and/or their regulatory components may be important means of modulating their activity. We describe here the evidence for Nox regulation through the action of kinases, and speculate on how such regulatory mechanisms might contribute to the development of pathological disease states. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11, 2429–2441
    corecore