Agroecological conditions of forming crop yield and quality of millet seeds

Analytical review of national and foreign literature sources to optimize agroecological conditions of seed crops of millet seed is shown. Data on plant response and quality of the formed seed for nutritious regime of the soil, moisture conditions, light and heat is presented. The analysis found that scientists and manufacturers to this day have no consensus on the impact of agroecological conditions on developing the largest amount of high yield of millet seed. A large number of reports has a considerable antiquity, studies were made in different regional conditions, a comprehensive study of the impact of agroecological factors for forming sowing qualities and yielding properties of millet seed in terms of Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine was not carried out

METHODS OF REGULATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS IN BUCKWHEAT CROPS

The problem of increasing buckwheat grain production as an extremely valuable cereal crop is now very important. Changeable harvests of this crop are due to the fact that on the one hand, buckwheat reacts rapidly to changing weather conditions, on the other, there is a lack of attention to the technology of its cultivation. Therefore, to obtain high yields of this crop an important role is given to adaptive forms that can implement genetic potential of productivity under unstable growth conditions, as well as improving the technology of its cultivation. It is important to get highly productive buckwheat crops provided with high individual productivity of each plant of phytocenosis and optimal growth arrangement over the area. The solution to this problem can be solved by a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical foundations of the harvest development. The efficiency of the production process depends on many conditions including physiological characteristics of plant species.The higher yield of plants is provided by the more complete variety of necessary conditions.At the same time, although, climatic factors are predictable, they are uncontrolled. The problem of managing the production process of agricultural crops in agricultural ecosystems is very important in crop production. Thus, due to the predicted global climate change and strengthening of soil degradation processes, its importance will increase in future. Plant production processes can be controlled by manual, chemical and biological corrections. Using these correction methods of plant productivity creates the necessary conditions for plant growth and development ensuring crop yields. Thus, the biological correction promotes additional yield increase and improvement of the quality of crop production and biological protection substances provide its preservation

Measuring and alleviating drought stress in pea and lentil

Received: January 31st, 2023 ; Accepted: April 17th, 2023 ; Published: April 22nd, 2023 ; Correspondence: [email protected] deficit in the soil can cause drought stress in plants and drastically affect plant growth and crop yield. Therefore, early detection of drought stress in plants followed by the timely application of agronomic measures to alleviate plant conditions is crucial. This research aimed to study the agronomic practices that could reduce the sensitivity of pea and lentil to drought stress. The practices included (i) soil amendment with moisture retainer (hydrogel), (ii) seed treatment with a growth regulator to promote root formation, (iii) application of a biological formulation to boost soil mycorrhizal biota, and (iv) foliar application of micro fertilisers. The research was carried out in Ukraine in 2015−2020. Drought stress in plants was detected by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence with a portable fluorometer Floratest and calculating the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence Fv/Fm of the photosystem. The content of proline, high values of which in vegetative organs point out to stress in plants, was determined by colorimetric analysis using ninhydrin. In pea, the incorporation of hydrogel (Aquasorb) and growth regulator (Mycofriend) combined with seed treatment (Kelpak SC) and foliar application of micro fertiliser (Biovit or Freya-Aqua Legumes) at BBCH 14 led to obtaining Fv/Fm values from 0.81 to 0.82. Similarly in lentil, the maximum value of Fv/Fm (0.67) was obtained with the application of all studied agronomic practices, with the correlation coefficient between yield and Fv/Fm at the flowering stage (BBCH 61) r = 0.97. In pea, the correlation between yield and Fv/Fm at the budding stage (BBCH 51) was r = 0.99. The content of proline in photosynthetic plant organs was species-specific; however, in the control treatment, where plants were exposed to drought, its maximum value was 1.10 μmol g-1 in pea and 1.40 μmol g-1 in lentil, while with the application of the proposed agronomic practices proline content was only 0.56 μmol g-1 in pea and 0.36 μmol g-1 in lentil. Obtained strong correlation between proline content in plant vegetative organs and the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence Fv/Fm of the plant photosystem indicates that measurement of Fv/Fm with portable fluorometer might be an effective method of early identification of drought stress in pea and lentil