Handling depositary receipts for global financial markets

The article analyzes the involvement of countries in the implementation of programs issuing American and Global Depositary Receipts. Special attention is paid to the depositary receipts market for securities of Russian issuers. The advantages of this instrument from the perspective of the issuer and the investor are shown. The basic strategy for the use of depositary receipts: speculation, hedging, arbitrage, defined features of these operations. Finally, to enhance the capacity use of depositary receipts, increasing range of instruments, the underlying, through financial engineering

Structure of benthic communities in small rivers of southern Sakhalin in summer-autumn period, a case of the Lyutoga River tributaries

Quantitative characteristics of microbial community, algal periphyton and macrozoobenthos are presented for two tributaries of the Lyutoga River, as the Partizanka River (pink salmon spawning stream) and the Frikena River (without steady spawning grounds), on the base of surveys conducted in July-October, 2011. Number of benthic bacteria in the bottom grounds varied in the range 1.1-4.0 · 106 cells/g in the Frikena and 0.8-11.1 · 106 cells/g in the Partizanka. Oligocarbophilic microorganisms prevailed in the bacterial benthos of both rivers before the beginning of active salmon spawning (July- August), developing mainly on autochthonous organic substrates. In September, with appearance of salmon carcasses after spawning, total abundance of the microorganisms increased and the portion of ammonifying bacteria basing on this allochthonous organic matter became higher in the Partizanka. Algal periphyton biomass changed from 7.8 to 117.0 g/m2 in the Frikena River and from 0.5 to 305.6 g/m2 in the Partizanka River, with diatoms domination in both streams. Periphyton in the Partizanka was destroyed by flood in September but successively recovered by October, with multiple increasing of the algal biomass, obviously due to influx of nutrients in the process of salmon carcasses decomposing. Biomass of macrozoobenthos was 5.1-21.0 g/m2 in the Frikena River and 2.2 to 3.7 g/m2 in the Partizanka River, in both tributaries its dynamics was determined mainly by life cycles of aquatic insects

Handling depositary receipts for global financial markets

The article analyzes the involvement of countries in the implementation of programs issuing American and Global Depositary Receipts. Special attention is paid to the depositary receipts market for securities of Russian issuers. The advantages of this instrument from the perspective of the issuer and the investor are shown. The basic strategy for the use of depositary receipts: speculation, hedging, arbitrage, defined features of these operations. Finally, to enhance the capacity use of depositary receipts, increasing range of instruments, the underlying, through financial engineering

Handling depositary receipts for global financial markets

The article analyzes the involvement of countries in the implementation of programs issuing American and Global Depositary Receipts. Special attention is paid to the depositary receipts market for securities of Russian issuers. The advantages of this instrument from the perspective of the issuer and the investor are shown. The basic strategy for the use of depositary receipts: speculation, hedging, arbitrage, defined features of these operations. Finally, to enhance the capacity use of depositary receipts, increasing range of instruments, the underlying, through financial engineering

Handling depositary receipts for global financial markets

The article analyzes the involvement of countries in the implementation of programs issuing American and Global Depositary Receipts. Special attention is paid to the depositary receipts market for securities of Russian issuers. The advantages of this instrument from the perspective of the issuer and the investor are shown. The basic strategy for the use of depositary receipts: speculation, hedging, arbitrage, defined features of these operations. Finally, to enhance the capacity use of depositary receipts, increasing range of instruments, the underlying, through financial engineering

Preparation, structure, and electrical conductivity of La(Ga,Mn)O 3 ceramics

(La0.9□0.1)(Ga1-xMnx)O y (□ = vacancy; x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) perovskite solid solutions are prepared by solid-state reactions and characterized by x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy. The solid solutions have a rhombohedral structure over the entire composition range. Mn substitution leads to a transition from ionic hopping conduction, with a linear variation of log (σT) with 1/T, to ionic-electronic conduction. The unit-cell volume and conductivity of the solid solutions are shown to correlate with their tolerance factor

Preparation, structure, and electrical conductivity of La(Ga,Mn)O 3 ceramics

(La0.9□0.1)(Ga1-xMnx)O y (□ = vacancy; x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) perovskite solid solutions are prepared by solid-state reactions and characterized by x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and dielectric spectroscopy. The solid solutions have a rhombohedral structure over the entire composition range. Mn substitution leads to a transition from ionic hopping conduction, with a linear variation of log (σT) with 1/T, to ionic-electronic conduction. The unit-cell volume and conductivity of the solid solutions are shown to correlate with their tolerance factor