Future Teachers’ Attitude to the Security Problem and Counter Terrorism

The relevance of the theme under study is determined by the problem of ensuring stability and security of the society through young people’s attitude to terrorism. The human community must be able to protect a person’s world outlook, educational, scientific and cultural needs that determine a person’s existence and mental world. One of the key trends in the fight against extremist and terrorist acts in the social environment is their prevention. It is especially important to carry out such preventive measures among young people. The rising generation appears to be the most unprotected category of the population susceptible to the influence of xenophobia destroying traditional values of national cultures and religions which is in a peculiar kind of a spiritual and axiological vacuum. 79 students of 1-5 years of study at the age of 17 - 22 were questioned according to the test-questionnaire ‘Young people’s attitude to terrorism’. Almost all respondents (95%) confirmed that terrorism is dangerous for the society and the problem really exists. Most respondents distinguish such qualities as cruelty, mercenariness, quick temper, and instability when describing a terrorist’s portrait. When analyzing major reasons why people become terrorists, the students gave the first place to striving to feel power over people. Among other important reasons that influence a terrorist’s personality development, they stated commitment to a certain ideology and striving to achieve material wealth. We need an integral system of terrorism prevention including, among other things, its pedagogical foundations. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s7p40

Characterization and Solution Structure of the Factor VIII C2 Domain in a Ternary Complex with Classical and Non-classical Inhibitor Antibodies

The most significant complication for patients with severe cases of congenital or acquired hemophilia A is the development of inhibitor antibodies against coagulation factor VIII (fVIII). The C2 domain of fVIII is a significant antigenic target of anti-fVIII antibodies. Here, we have utilized small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and biochemical techniques to characterize interactions between two different classes of anti-C2 domain inhibitor antibodies and the isolated C2 domain. Multiple assays indicated that antibodies 3E6 and G99 bind independently to the fVIII C2 domain and can form a stable ternary complex. SAXS-derived numerical estimates of dimensional parameters for all studied complexes agree with the proportions of the constituent proteins. Ab initio modeling of the SAXS data results in a long kinked structure of the ternary complex, showing an angle centered at the C2 domain of ∼130°. Guided by biochemical data, rigid body modeling of subunits into the molecular envelope of the ternary complex suggests that antibody 3E6 recognizes a C2 domain epitope consisting of the Arg2209–Ser2216 and Leu2178–Asp2187 loops. In contrast, antibody G99 recognizes the C2 domain primarily through the Pro2221–Trp2229 loop. These two epitopes are on opposing sides of the fVIII C2 domain, are consistent with the solvent accessibility in the context of the entire fVIII molecule, and provide further structural detail regarding the pathogenic immune response to fVIII

Antimicrobial Properties of Green and Black Tea and Kombucha

Kombucha is a symbiotic community of bacteria and yeast that is used to ferment sweetened tea and produce a sour, slightly sparkling beverage. The bacterial component of Kombucha is invariant, being composed of a cellulose-producing strain of Gluconobacter. The yeast component of Kombucha is highly variable, with several yeast species identified by different researchers in Kombucha cultures. We demonstrate that the type of tea leaves (black vs. green) affects the morphological appearance, temporal dynamics, and, possibly, the species composition of the yeast component of Kombucha. Some of the beneficial health effects attributed to tea and Kombucha may be due to antibacterial activities. We demonstrate that both black and green tea (BT and GT) and the products of their respective Kombucha fermentations (BTK and GTK) do indeed display diverse tea-specific antibacterial properties against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. GT and GTK generally demonstrated stronger antibacterial activities than BT and BTK. We show that all antibacterial activities of tea and Kombucha are resistant to heat denaturation, arguing against a proteinaceous nature of those activities. Lastly, we demonstrate that the activity of GTK against A. hydrophila and S. aureus, two human pathogens, is not acidic in nature. In light of increasing resistance of bacterial pathogens to common antibiotics, our findings suggest that tea and Kombucha may offer novel antibacterial compounds with potential therapeutic application. Future research will aim at the identification of such compounds

Antimicrobial Properties of Green and Black Tea and Kombucha

Kombucha is a symbiotic community of bacteria and yeast that is used to ferment sweetened tea and produce a sour, slightly sparkling beverage. The bacterial component of Kombucha is invariant, being composed of a cellulose-producing strain of Gluconobacter. The yeast component of Kombucha is highly variable, with several yeast species identified by different researchers in Kombucha cultures. We demonstrate that the type of tea leaves (black vs. green) affects the morphological appearance, temporal dynamics, and, possibly, the species composition of the yeast component of Kombucha. Some of the beneficial health effects attributed to tea and Kombucha may be due to antibacterial activities. We demonstrate that both black and green tea (BT and GT) and the products of their respective Kombucha fermentations (BTK and GTK) do indeed display diverse tea-specific antibacterial properties against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. GT and GTK generally demonstrated stronger antibacterial activities than BT and BTK. We show that all antibacterial activities of tea and Kombucha are resistant to heat denaturation, arguing against a proteinaceous nature of those activities. Lastly, we demonstrate that the activity of GTK against A. hydrophila and S. aureus, two human pathogens, is not acidic in nature. In light of increasing resistance of bacterial pathogens to common antibiotics, our findings suggest that tea and Kombucha may offer novel antibacterial compounds with potential therapeutic application. Future research will aim at the identification of such compounds