Two-Letter Interjections

It is a curious fact that a substantial percentage of two-letter words are interjections; of the 227 words in the Dictionary of Two-Letter Words issued by the Biliteral Society and reviewed below, grouping interjections according to feelings, commands and statements, show the great variety of messages that can be sent

Origin and evolution of planetary atmospheres

Spacecraft and groundbased observations of the atmospheres of solar system objects have provided a definition of their present characteristics and have yielded clues about their past history. Table 1 presents a summary of our current knowledge of the atmospheric properties of all the planets, except Pluto, and several satellites. The masses of these atmospheres range from the very miniscule values for the Moon, Mercury, and Io, to the more substantial values for the Earth, Venus, Mars, and Titan, to the very large values for the giant planets, where the atmosphere constitutes a significant fraction of the total planetary mass. The compositions of these atmospheres encompass ones dominated by rare gases (the Moon and Mercury), ones containing highly oxidized compounds of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (the outer three terrestrial planets and Io), and ones with highly reduced gases (Titan and the giant planets). What factors account for this enormous diversity in properties

Optical Detection of Blade Flutter

Dynamic strain gages mounted on rotor blades are used as the primary instrumentation for detecting the onset of flutter and defining the vibratory mode and frequency. Optical devices are evaluated for performing the same measurements as well as providing supplementary information on the vibratory characteristics. Two separate methods are studied: stroboscopic imagery of the blade tip and photoelectric scanning of blade tip motion. Both methods give visual data in real time as well as video tape records. The optical systems are described, and representative results are presented. The potential of this instrumentation in flutter research is discussed

Stretching the Terry Doctrine to the Search for Evidence of Crime: Canine Sniffs, State Constitutions, and the Reasonable Suspicion Standard

The Fourth Amendment, protects an individual\u27s interest in freedom from unreasonable government intrusions into personal privacy. When a court finds an investigative technique to be a search within the Amendment\u27s meaning, it effectively concludes that Fourth Amendment protection should apply. If the government activity constitutes a search, that activity must be reasonable. If the activity does not amount to a search, however, the government enjoys virtual freedom to conduct that activity as unreasonably as it pleases. For pure investigatory searches, the United States Supreme Court has found that the probable cause requirement strikes the proper balance in defining reasonableness. Unlike searches in other contexts, the Court has refused to apply any standard of suspicion lower than probable cause. This requirement imposes a substantial burden on police officers to gather significant amounts of evidence before conducting a search. As a result of the cost of meeting this high standard of suspicion, the Court has excused certain police activities that intrude minimally on personal property, such as canine sniffs, from the rigors of the Amendment by concluding that these intrusions are not searches.\u27 Canine sniffs pose an interesting Fourth Amendment problem because they can reveal the presence of concealed narcotics that other- wise might remain hidden from detection. The sniff constitutes a search because it discloses the contents of an item in which the suspect possesses a reasonable expectation of privacy.\u27 The use of a dog\u27s nose, however, poses less of an intrusion into personal privacy than general rummaging or prying into a physical area because the sniff does not reveal private information about its subject beyond what the dog can detect. Because of the effectiveness and limited scope of intrusiveness, canine sniffs are a valuable tool in the fight against drug trafficking. At the same time, the sniffs limited scope of intrusiveness substantially protects citizens\u27 interests in privacy. By applying a traditional probable cause requirement to sniffs, a court would defeat these attractive features of the canine sniffs because police armed with probable cause could, and presumably would, conduct more indiscriminate searches. With few exceptions, federal courts, which are wed to a strict probable cause requirement for pure investigatory searches, have concluded that canine sniffs do not constitute searches within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment

The relation between solar cell flight performance data and materials and manufacturing data Final report

Flight performance data for solar cell power systems in satellites and correlation with manufacturing methods and material

Demonstration of the Zero-Crossing Phasemeter with a LISA Test-bed Interferometer

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is being designed to detect and study in detail gravitational waves from sources throughout the Universe such as massive black hole binaries. The conceptual formulation of the LISA space-borne gravitational wave detector is now well developed. The interferometric measurements between the sciencecraft remain one of the most important technological and scientific design areas for the mission. Our work has concentrated on developing the interferometric technologies to create a LISA-like optical signal and to measure the phase of that signal using commercially available instruments. One of the most important goals of this research is to demonstrate the LISA phase timing and phase reconstruction for a LISA-like fringe signal, in the case of a high fringe rate and a low signal level. We present current results of a test-bed interferometer designed to produce an optical LISA-like fringe signal previously discussed in the literature.Comment: find minor corrections in the CQG versio