Modelli raster di uso del suolo nella lunga durata in ambiente montano con grass

In order to create a diachronic model of the exploitation of resources and mobility at a micro-regional scale, the data concerning a test-area in an alpine environment have been imported in GRASS and analyzed using raster modules and running bash-shell scripts for iterating processes

Plenartagungsbericht der Forschergruppe B-IV

Die spezifische Zusammensetzung der Forschergruppe B-IV bedingt eine Pluralität an Gegenständen, Methoden und Zielen. Nach aktuellem Diskussionstand wollen die Mitglieder: (1) zu einer Theorie des Raumes gelangen, die insbesondere das Rahmenthema der Area B (»Mechanism of Control and Social Spaces«) repräsentiert; (2) eine Arbeitsdefinition bzw. Arbeitsdefinitionen (mit Einschluss des »Wissen«-Aspekts) auf der Basis unserer eigenen, bisher geleisteten Forschungen erstellen, die für die Fragestellungen und Zielvorstellungen der Gruppe B-IV besonders geeignet und zutreffend ist; (3) die in den Teilgruppen erzielten Einzelergebnisse weniger auf eine abstrakte Metaebene heben als vielmehr ›modular‹ verschränken und die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede herausarbeiten. Für den »Raum« hat die Gruppe folgende Definition erarbeitet: Als Raum im historischen Sinne versteht B-IV jenen von Individuen, Kollektiven und Staaten konstruierten (bzw. von Forschern dekonstruierten) Bezugsrahmen, der durch Funktionsstandorte markiert wird, medial beschrieben ist, durch Distanzangaben in seiner Spatialität quantifizierbar ist und durch unterschiedliche Formen der Strukturierung näher qualifiziert werden kann. Der vermessene und deskribierte Raum generiert seinerseits wiederum neue Repräsentationen (›Weltbilder‹), die ihrerseits wieder ›Wirklichkeiten‹ bestimmen bzw. operationalisiert werden (›Entdeckungen‹). »Raum« ist somit keine absolute Größe, sondern eine Menge relationaler Phänomene

On the Analysis and Interpretation of Pottery Production and Distribution

Ceramics are particularly well suited for investigating general patterns of the distribution of premodern products. Archaeometric methods, used to determine raw materials and production techniques, permit the identification of places of production. The work of the research group presented here pursues two objectives: (i) to investigate the usefulness of portable X-ray fluorescence equipment for the analysis of ceramics and (ii) to identify, interpret and study distribution areas of ceramic products in comparative prospective. The paper discusses key economic concepts, sets out the archaeometric methodology and presents initial results in the context of two examples

Research-Data Management Planning in the German Mathematical Community

In this paper we discuss the notion of research data for the field of mathematics and report on the status quo of research-data management and planning. A number of decentralized approaches are presented and compared to needs and challenges faced in three use cases from different mathematical subdisciplines. We highlight the importance of tailoring research-data management plans to mathematicians' research processes and discuss their usage all along the data life cycle

Aprendizajes y prácticas educativas en las actuales condiciones de época: COVID-19

“Esta obra colectiva es el resultado de una convocatoria a docentes, investigadores y profesionales del campo pedagógico a visibilizar procesos investigativos y prácticas educativas situadas en el marco de COVI-19. La misma se inscribe en el trabajo llevado a cabo por el equipo de Investigación responsable del Proyecto “Sentidos y significados acerca de aprender en las actuales condiciones de época: un estudio con docentes y estudiantes de la educación secundarias en la ciudad de Córdoba” de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. El momento excepcional que estamos atravesando, pero que también nos atraviesa, ha modificado la percepción temporal a punto tal que habitamos un tiempo acelerado y angustiante que nos exige la producción de conocimiento provisorio. La presente publicación surge como un espacio para detenernos a documentar lo que nos acontece y, a su vez, como oportunidad para atesorar y resguardar las experiencias educativas que hemos construido, inventado y reinventando en este contexto. En ella encontrarán pluralidad de voces acerca de enseñar y aprender durante la pandemia. Este texto es una pausa para reflexionar sobre el hacer y las prácticas educativas por venir”.Fil: Beltramino, Lucia (comp.). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Archivología; Argentina

Preliminary notes on the ceramics from the archaeological surveys in El Kala National Park (field campaign 2004)

During the archaeological survey carried out in 2004 in El Kala National Park (El Taref province, North East Algeria), the surface ceramic assemblages, which include amphoras, African Red Slip Ware (ARS), common and cooking ware, were collected and documented, making it possible to propose a chronology of occupation / frequentation of inhabited areas between the 3rd c. BC and the 7th c.AD, with a greater intensity between IV and V c. AD. The information available does not allow general conclusions to be drawn concerning ceramic consumption and production at the regional level. A summary of the collected data is presented here

C14 Datierung der Sedimentschichten

Im Rahmen des archäologsichen Hoch-und Mittelgebirgesurvey in der Val d'Hérémence (Canton Valais - CH), wurden Sedimentproben bei Le Louché genommen, die mittels C14 Methode datiert worden sind.Bestimmung und C14 Datierung der anthropogenen Schichten im Mittelgebirge

GC-MS analyses of ceramic samples from Busa delle Vette (Parco delle Dolomiti Bellunesi, Belluno Province, Veneto, Northern Italy)

The organic residue analyses were carried out at the core facillity BioSupraMol of the departement of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy (Freie Univ. Berlin). Two extractions protocols have been applied in order to extract lipids (Pecci et al. 2013 [A]), and other small organic acids (Pecci et al. 2013a [B]) from the powdered ceramic samples. A. 2 g samples are extracted in 50 ml chloroform/methanol (2:1 v/v) for 2×15 min in an ultrasonic bath. The samples are then centrifuged for 10 min and the supernatant is evaporated to dryness under a steady stream of nitrogen. The samples are saponified with 2 ml sodium hydroxide solution (2M in MeOH) for 1 h at 70° C. After cooling, it is acidified with 15 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid, the pH value is checked (pH 1). It is then extracted twice with 3 ml of chloroform. Then the solvent of the organic phase is removed under a constant stream of nitrogen and the sample is transferred to a sample vial with two times 50 μl of chloroform. The sample is then evaporated off and the sample is derivatized with 25 μl of BSTFA at 70° C for 1 hour. After the addition of 75 µl n-hexane and 5 µl internal standard (dotriacontane in hexane, see respective table of results for concentration), the samples are analysed by GC-MS. B. 500 mg sample is extracted in 3 ml potassium hydroxide solution (1M in H2O) for 90 min at 70°C. The samples are then centrifuged for 10 min and the supernatant is acidified with 15 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the pH value (pH 1) is checked. Then the samples are shaken intensively with 3 ml ethyl acetate for 2 min and centrifuged for 10 min. This step is repeated 3 times in total. The supernatant (organic phase) is concentrated under a constant stream of nitrogen and transferred to a sample vial with two 50 μl portions of ethyl acetate. The solvent is then evaporated off and the sample is derivatized with 25 μl of BSTFA at 70° C. for 1 hour. After the addition of 75 µl n-hexane and 5 µl internal standard (dotriacontane in hexane, see respective table of results for concentration), the samples are analysed by GC-MS. All samples were analysed using Agilent 7820A GC system and Agilent 5977 MSD, equipped with HP5-MS capillary column and EI as ion source. Initial oven temperature 50°C with a temperature ramp of 5 °C/min to 320 °C and hold time of 10 min. For this method a split ratio of 1:10 has been used. Pecci, A., Cau, M.A., Garnier N., Identifying wine and oil pro- duction: analysis of residues from Roman and Late Antique plastered vats. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40, 2013, 4491–4498 Pecci, A., G. Giorgi, L. Salvini, Cau Ontiveros M.A., Identifying Wine Markers in Ceramics and Plasters with Gas Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry. Experimental and Archaeological Materials. Journal of Archaeological Science 40, 2013a, 109–115Trace compounds are also listed and marked as (traces). All compounds listed fulfil at least the following criteria: automated detection of the structure-specific signals. For all compounds, three m/z and their respective ratios expected from comparison to pure standards analysed on the same instrument were used, and only if the peak was higher than 7 times S/N at the respective m/z.Twenty-four (24) samples of cooking wares (olle) from the excavation of the high-mountain hut and enclosures at Busa delle Vette (1858 m asl; Parco delle Dolomiti Bellunesi, Belluno Province, Veneto, Northern Italy) have been considered for GC-MS analysis of the amorphous organic residue absorbed and kept in the ceramic pores. The in 2018 unearthed samples come from the excavation area B (US 303, 304, 315 and 322) at Busa delle Vette conducted within the framework of the UPLanD project directed by F. Cavulli and F. Carrer. The results of GC-MS analysis of the samples are listed in the table

GC-MS analysis of the content of Byzantine Globular Amphorae from Ain Wassel (Tunisian High Tell)

Materials and Methods: The samples are first cleaned mechanically by using a drill. Then they are ground to a fine powder by using a mortar enabling further extraction. Three extraction protocols have been applied according to Pecci et al. 2013 (1); Mottram et al.1999 (2); Pecci et al. 2013a/Mottram et al.1999 (3). Mottram H.R., Dudd S.N., Lawrence G.J., Stott A.W., Evershed R.P., 1999 - New chromatographic, mass spectrometric and stable isotope approaches to the classification of degraded animal fats preserved in archaeological pottery, Journal of Chromatography A, 833: 209-221. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)01041-3 Pecci, A. Identifying wine markers in ceramics and plasters using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Experimental and archaeological materials. Journal of Archaeological Science 2013, 40, 109-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2012.05.001 Pecci A., Cau M.A., Garnier N., 2013a - Identifying wine and oil production: analysis of residues from Roman and Late Antique plastered vats, Journal of Archaeological Science, 40 (12): 4491-4498. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.019 Instrument used: GC-MS: Agilent 5977E MSD with 7820A GC. The mass range was scanned in the range of m/z 40 – 600. The GC oven temperature was held at 50°C for 1 min, then increased at 5°C/min up to 320°C and held isothermally for 10 min. The injection was done in split mode with a split ratio of 5:1. The injection Temperature was 320°C and the total run time was 75 mins. The column used was HP-5MS (Agilent Technologies), a (5%-phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane phase capillary column with length 30m and diameter 0.250 mm. The heater temperature was 320°C and MS transfer line temperature was 280°C. Dotriacontane is used as an internal standard marker compound in all samples and the first large peak signifies the unused derivatization reagent N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA containing 1% trimethylsilyl chloride). The 1% trimethylsilyl chloride is added as an additional silylation reagent and catalyzes reactions of hindered functional groups in polyfunctional compounds like secondary alcohols, secondary amines and amides. The Chromatograms obtained from the GC-MS Analysis of all the samples were analyzed manually by using the Agilent Quantitative and Qualitative Software (Mass Hunter qualitative / quantitative, Vs. B.07.00). For peaks not assigned by the automated procedure using a data base containing more than 150 biomarkers in the “Quantitative Analysis tool”, we generate the mass spectra of the chromatogram peaks and search for the possible compounds using the NIST Library. By comparing these compounds predicted by the NIST Library with the generated mass spectra, we assign the compound labels. The observed retention times of the detected compounds are summarized in the table.Protocol 1 enabled to detect TMS derivatives of the polar, short chain fatty acids and some traces of TMS derivatives of medium chain fatty acids as well. Protocols 2 and 3 enabled to extract TMS derivatives of long-chain fatty acids, some sterols and some non-polar alkane compounds as well.Four (4) samples of so-called Byzantine Globular Amphorae from the excavation of the rural farm at Ain Wassel (High Tunisian Tell) have been considered for organic residue analysis via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in order to better understand the function of this type of transport and storage container and shed new light on still poorly understood trade and consumption practices in Late Antique/Early Medieval North Africa. The content of this typological group of amphorae dating to the 7th-8th(?) century AD is still unknown. Following samples of the bottom of "anfora a fondo umbonato e ombelicato" (Maurina 2019), corresponding to the type Bonifay 65 (Bonifay 2004) have been analyzed in this study: Maurina 2019, Fig. 4.9, 14-17. The obtained results are available here in tabular form. Bibliographic references: Maurina, Barbara. “Contenitori Da Trasporto e per La Conservazione.” In Rus Africum IV: La Fattoria Bizantina Di Aïn Wassel, Africa Proconsularis (Alto Tell, Tunisia): Lo Scavo Stratigrafico e i Materiali, edited by Barbara Maurina and Mariette de Vos Raaijmakers, 245–94. Archaeopress, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvndv6tz.8 Vos Raaijmakers, Mariette de, and Barbara Maurina, eds. Rus Africum IV: La Fattoria Bizantina Di Aïn Wassel, Africa Proconsularis (Alto Tell, Tunisia): Lo Scavo Stratigrafico e i Materiali. Archaeopress, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvndv6tz Bonifay M., Etudes sur la céramique Romaine Tardive d'Afrique, British Archaeological Reports, 2004In general on organic residue analysis and the concept of archaeological biomarkers, see: Evershed, R. P., Organic residue analysis in Archaeology: The archaeological biomarker revolution, Archaeometry 2008, 50, 895-924. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2008.00446.x

GC-MS Analysis of Aqaba Amphora (Ras el Sheikh Humaid, wreck)

The results show in general a poor preservation of organic residues and the presence of unspecific fatty acids.Within the framework of the research project "The Content of Roman, Late Antique/Early Medieval Amphorae as Proxy of Economic Change and the Emergence of New Socio-Economic Networks" (see https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/e/klassarch/forschung/projekte/late-antique---early-medieval-amphorae/index.html) a sample of Aqaba Amphora (Raith et al. 2013) from a wreck located at Ras el Sheikh Humaid and preserved in the National Museum of Riad (see Reinfeld – Held 2020) has been analysed at the Laboratory for Classical and Supramolecular Mass Spectrometry, BioSupraMol, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy of the Freie Univ. Berlin using GC-MS techniques in order to identify organic residues entrapped in the ceramic and shed new light on its content. M. Reinfeld – W. Held, From Try Dive to a Wreck Documentation. Archaeological Research and Capacity Building in Saudi Arabia, in: J. A. Rodrigues – A. Traviglia (Hrsg.), IKUWA 3. Shared Heritage: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress for Underwater Archaeology (Oxford 2020), 163-171 M. M. Raith – R. Hoffbauer – H. Euler – P. A. Yule – K. Damgaard, The View from Ẓafār – An Archaeometric Study of the ʻAqaba Pottery Complex and its Distribution in the 1st Millenium CE, Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie 6, 2013, 320-350.In the last twenty-five years, analytical organic chemical techniques have been developed for the chemical characterization of organic compounds absorbed in archaeological ceramics (Evershed 1993; Evershed 2008b). Gas Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) allows separating and identifying the amorphous or invisible biomolecular components of organic materials or of the natural products that contribute to the formation of a residue (Evershed 2008a). Sherd was first surface-cleaned in order to remove exogenous contamination and a total about 2 g of the powdered sample was extracted using the extraction methods described by Pecci et al. (2013 and 2013a), including the derivatization with BSTFA before analysis by GC-MS. To analyse the oil derivatives, the respective amount of powdered sample was extracted twice using 50 ml CHCl3/MeOH for 15 min, assisted by ultrasonification. The extract was separated from the solid using a centrifuge (10 min). The supernatants’ solvent was removed using a gentle stream of nitrogen. Then alkaline hydrolysis was carried out by addition of 2 mL NaOH (2M in MeOH) for 1 h at 70°C. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature, the sample was acidified by addition of 15 droplets of concentrated HCl in water; the pH was tested to be 1. The acidified solution was extracted twice using 3 mL CHCl3 each. After removal of the solvent, using a gentle flow of nitrogen, the extract was transferred into the sample vial using two times 50 uL CHCl3. Again, the solvent was removed. Derivatisation was carried out using 25 uL BSTFA for 1 h at 70°C. After adding 50 uL n-hexane and 25 uL internal standard solution (1.3 mg/mL dotriacontane in hexane), the sample was submitted to GC-MS analysis. The GC-MS method described in the literature was customized for an Agilent 5977E MSD single-quadrupole mass spectrometer with a 7820A GC system, equipped with a SiO2 DB-5MS GC column (30m x 0.25mm, Agilent Technologies). The instrument included an industry-standard temperature program (1 min at 50°C, then a ramp of 5°C/min, 10 min at 300°C), which utilizes Dotriacontane to mark the end of the chromatogram and as an internal standard. All of the compounds identified were compared to the retention times and mass spectra of standards produced from pure compounds, derivatised using BSTFA. Charters S., R.P. Evershed, L.J. Goad, P.W. Blinkhorn, and V. Denham 1993. "Quantification and distribution of lipid in archaeological ceramics: implications for sampling potsherds for organic residue analysis and classification of vessel use.” Archaeometry 35: 211-223. Dudd S. N., R.P., Evershed, and A.M. Gibson 1999. "Evidence for varying patterns of exploitation of animal products in different prehistoric pottery traditions based on lipids preserved in surface and absorbed residues.” Journal of Archaeological Science 26: 1473–1482. Evershed, R. P., 1993. “Biomolecular archaeology and lipids.” World Archaeology 25: 74–93. 2008a. “Experimental approaches to the interpretation of absorbed organic residues in archaeological ceramics.” World Archaeology 40: 26–47. 2008b. “Organic Residue Analysis in Archaeology: The Archaeological Biomarker Revolution.” Archaeometry 50.6: 895–924. Pecci, A., Cau Ontiveros, M. A. and Garnier, N. 2013a. Identifying Wine and Oil Production: Analysis of Residues from Roman and Late Antique Plastered Vats. Journal of Archaeological Science 40: 4491–4498. Pecci, A., Giorgi, G., Salvini, L. and Cau Ontiveros, M. A. 2013b. Identifying Wine Markers in Ceramics and Plasters Using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry. Experimental and Archaeological Materials. Journal of Archaeological Science 40, 1: 109–115