Innovation Pathways to Adaption for Humanitarian and Development Goals: A Case Study of Aftershock Forecasting for Disaster Risk Management

The innovation process is central to effective adaption to climate change and development challenges, but models from business and management tend to dominate innovation theory, which sits outside the adaption-development paradigm. This paper presents an alternative conceptual framework to visualise innovations as pathways across the adaption-development landscape for humanitarian and development goals. This useful tool can reveal, map and coordinate innovation strategy. To demonstrate and validate this approach we analyse a case study of innovation in aftershock forecasting for humanitarian decision-making and show that the most effective strategy is for multiple innovation strands and hubs to move concurrently and cumulatively towards transformative humanitarian and development goals

Iso-cytochrome c species from baker's yeast. Analysis of their circular-dichroism spectra.

The circular-dichroism spectra of baker's-yeast iso-1- (methylated and unmethylated forms) and iso-2-cytochrome c species were examined between 200 and 600nm. In the visible region the yeast haemoproteins have characteristics nearly indistinguishable from those of horse heart cytochrome c. From the spectra in the u.v. region the latter appears, however, to be more helical. It is proposed that the likely element of non-helical structure in iso-1-cytochrome c is residues 62-70