Etude et optimisation de cellules solaires photovoltaïques en couches minces de silicium polymorphe

PALAISEAU-Polytechnique (914772301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Performance Prediction of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Remote Sensing

Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA - PVPS Task 2), report IEA-PVPS T2-07:2008This document reports, in the first part, on the possibility to use solar irradiation calculated from satellite images for performance predictions. In the second part, different system performance evaluation models are described. The use of calculated irradiations as an input to a simple parametric model is compared with measurements from systems existing in the Task 2 Performance Database. Conclusions are drawn on the related achievable accuracy

Government Initiatives for the Integration of Distributed Generation in the Canadian Electrical Grid and Homes

The integration of distributed energy resources (DER) into the main electricity networks is currently changing the paradigm we used to live with, where the electric power industry was generated in large power plants, sent to the consumption areas through transmission lines, and delivered to the consumers through a passive distribution infrastructure. While numerous benefits are associated to this change, such a transition also represents many challenges for all stakeholders (Utilities, independent power producers, governments, regulators, manufacturers, housing industry). Through Technology and Innovation funds, part of the Governement of Canada’s Climate Change Action Plan 2003, Natural Resources Canada has initiated a 4-year comprehensive and coordinated program strategy in 2004 to effectively address technical, institutional and regulatory barriers through 5 different projects: 1.DER Grid Interconnection Standards and Codes will develop electrical interconnection guidelines and standards with the aim of building consensus among stakeholders on DER interconnection to the grid, support research that addresses the concerns of industry, support changes to the Canadian Electrical Code, and facilitate related standards projects concerned with utility-led grid reliability requirements. 2.DER product standards and certification will support the adoption of DER product standards, type-testing and certification requirements, coordinate standards development, facilitate the adoption of international standards and harmonization within North America, ensure active participation of Canadian experts at international standards working group (IEC, IEEE.) 3.Impact of large scale DER integration to the grid will support the foundation of a Canadian research network to address the issues of DER penetration in the electrical network with the aim of strengthening Canadian industry capacity to develop technologies and integrate DER in the electricity network. The research network will bring together Universities, utility researchers and industry to collaborate and address issues concerning the safety and impact to the electrical network. Research will cover technical constraints for the integration of DG in the electricity network (eg. grid stability and control, DG power quality, protection and reliability case studies, power system aggregation model and field validation testing). 4.Regulatory Assistance Project will provide technical and regulatory support concerning the implementation of DG in a competitive electricity market. Several high priority areas require technical research to address the current regulatory barriers facing the implementation of DG in Canada. These include the need to study the cost-benefit of DG integration to the electricity network, address urgent issues concerning net-metering, reversemetering, time-of-day pricing to improve peak-shaving value, and standard interconnection procedures and contracts. 5.Integration of PV to Energy Efficient Homes will engage multi-stakeholders at all levels of government and the private sector such as home developers and builders and the solar industry to develop PV-based DER systems in residential applications. This will in turn accelerate the development and availability of distributed generation PV for on-site power applications. This program will demonstrate the strong commitment of the Federal Government to support the establishment of a reliable and efficient electricity distribution infrastructure able to integrate distributed generation to the electrical grid and homes in Canada

Spatial insolation models for photovoltaic energy in Canada

Spatial models of global insolation and photovoltaic electricity generation potential for Canada were developed. The main objective was to provide Canadians with an easily accessible, reliable tool for rapidly estimating the monthly and yearly electricity production potential of grid-connected photovoltaic systems anywhere in the country, and for assessing the dependence of production on location, time of year and array orientation. Monthly mean daily insolation data from 144 meteorological stations across Canada were used, along with data from an additional eight stations in Alaska to improve the models in that region. Several photovoltaic array orientations were considered, including South-facing arrays with latitude and vertical tilts and a sun-tracking orientation. Partial thin plate smoothing splines as implemented in ANUSPLIN were used to generate the spatial insolation models. The models were based on geographic position and a transform of monthly mean precipitation, the latter variable being a surrogate for cloudiness which affects surface insolation. Photovoltaic electricity generation (in kW h per kilowatt of photovoltaic installed power capacity) was estimated for each month and for the entire year from the insolation models by assuming international standard values for the performance ratio of photovoltaic systems. The yearly average root mean square predictive error (RTGCV) on the mean daily global insolation ranges between 0.75 (vertical tilt) and 1.43 MJ/m2 (sun-tracking orientation) (or about 4.7-9.0 kW h/kW in terms of PV potential), or from 5.6% to 6.9% of the mean. Ultimately insolation and photovoltaic potential were mapped over the country at a 300 arc seconds (∼10 km) resolution. The maps are available on a Natural Resources Canada Website. This is an important new tool to help Canadians gain an overall perspective of Canada's photovoltaic potential, and allow estimation of potential photovoltaic system electricity production at any chosen location