732 research outputs found
Radial Velocity along the Voyager 1 Trajectory: The Effect of Solar Cycle
As Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are approaching the heliopause (HP)—the boundary between the solar wind (SW) and the local interstellar medium (LISM)—we expect new, unknown features of the heliospheric interface to be revealed. A seeming puzzle reported recently by Krimigis et al. concerns the unusually low, even negative, radial velocity components derived from the energetic ion distribution. Steady-state plasma models of the inner heliosheath (IHS) show that the radial velocity should not be equal to zero even at the surface of the HP. Here we demonstrate that the velocity distributions observed by Voyager 1 are consistent with time-dependent simulations of the SW-LISM interaction. In this Letter, we analyze the results from a numerical model of the large-scale heliosphere that includes solar cycle effects. Our simulations show that prolonged periods of low to negative radial velocity can exist in the IHS at substantial distances from the HP. It is also shown that Voyager 1 was more likely to observe such regions than Voyager 2
Transport Processes in Metal-Insulator Granular Layers
Tunnel transport processes are considered in a square lattice of metallic
nanogranules embedded into insulating host to model tunnel conduction in real
metal/insulator granular layers. Based on a simple model with three possible
charging states (, or 0) of a granule and three kinetic processes
(creation or recombination of a pair, and charge transfer) between
neighbor granules, the mean-field kinetic theory is developed. It describes the
interplay between charging energy and temperature and between the applied
electric field and the Coulomb fields by the non-compensated charge density.
The resulting charge and current distributions are found to be essentially
different in the free area (FA), between the metallic contacts, or in the
contact areas (CA), beneath those contacts. Thus, the steady state dc transport
is only compatible with zero charge density and ohmic resistivity in FA, but
charge accumulation and non-ohmic behavior are \emph{necessary} for conduction
over CA. The approximate analytic solutions are obtained for characteristic
regimes (low or high charge density) of such conduction. The comparison is done
with the measurement data on tunnel transport in related experimental systems.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, 1 reference corrected, acknowlegments adde
Magnetoresistance of Highly Correlated Electron Liquid
The behavior in magnetic fields of a highly correlated electron liquid
approaching the fermion condensation quantum phase transition from the
disordered phase is considered. We show that at sufficiently high temperatures
the effective mass starts to depend on , . This dependence of the effective mass at elevated
temperatures leads to the non-Fermi liquid behavior of the resistivity,
and at higher temperatures . The
application of a magnetic field restores the common behavior of the
resistivity. The effective mass depends on the magnetic field, , being approximately independent of the temperature at . At , the dependence of the
effective mass is re-established. We demonstrate that this phase diagram
has a strong impact on the magnetoresistance (MR) of the highly correlated
electron liquid. The MR as a function of the temperature exhibits a transition
from the negative values of MR at to the positive values at . Thus, at , MR as a function of the temperature
possesses a node at .Comment: 7 pages, revtex, no figure
Mass Transfer Mechanism in Real Crystals by Pulsed Laser Irradiation
The dynamic processes in the surface layers of metals subjected activity of a
pulsing laser irradiation, which destroyed not the crystalline structure in
details surveyed. The procedure of calculation of a dislocation density
generated in bulk of metal during the relaxation processes and at repeated
pulse laser action is presented. The results of evaluations coincide with high
accuracy with transmission electron microscopy dates. The
dislocation-interstitial mechanism of laser-stimulated mass-transfer in real
crystals is presented on the basis of the ideas of the interaction of structure
defects in dynamically deforming medium. The good compliance of theoretical and
experimental results approves a defining role of the presented mechanism of
mass transfer at pulse laser action on metals. The possible implementation this
dislocation-interstitial mechanism of mass transfer in metals to other cases of
pulsing influences is justifiedComment: 10 pages, 2 figures, Late
Formation of d-wave superconducting order in a randomly doped lattice
We consider the interplay between superconducting coupling and dopant
impurity scattering of charge carriers in planar square lattice systems and
examine physical conditions (doping level, temperature, local symmetry of
coupling and scattering potentials) necessary in this model system to obtain a
d-wave superconducting order, like that observed in real doped cuprate HTSC
materials. Using the Lifshitz model for the disorder introduced into system by
dopants, we analyze also the non-uniform structure of such d-wave parameter,
including both its magnitude and phase variation. The results indicate that
d-wave superconductivity turns possible in a doped metal until it can be
destroyed at too high doping levels.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure
Dissymmetrical tunnelling in heavy fermion metals
A tunnelling conductivity between a heavy fermion metal and a simple metallic
point is considered. We show that at low temperatures this conductivity can be
noticeably dissymmetrical with respect to the change of voltage bias. The
dissymmetry can be observed in experiments on the heavy fermion metals whose
electronic system has undergone the fermion condensation quantum phase
transition.Comment: 7 pages, Revte
Specifics of impurity effects in ferropnictide superconductors
Effects of impurities and disorder on quasiparticle spectrum in
superconducting iron pnictides are considered. Possibility for occurrence of
localized energy levels due to impurities within the superconducting gap and
the related modification of band structure and of superconducting order
parameter are discussed. The evolution of superconducting state with impurity
doping is traced.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Quantum Electrodynamics at Extremely Small Distances
The asymptotics of the Gell-Mann - Low function in QED can be determined
exactly, \beta(g)= g at g\to\infty, where g=e^2 is the running fine structure
constant. It solves the problem of pure QED at small distances L and gives the
behavior g\sim L^{-2}.Comment: Latex, 6 pages, 1 figure include
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