Antifungal activity of surfactant ionic liquids on mycotoxigenic molds

Traditionally, mold control usually involves usage of highly toxic compounds, and this practice must be replaced with more environmentally friendly solutions (green chemistry). In this paper, antifungal activity of five newly synthesized ionic liquids (IL) was tested, in vitro. All ionic liquids are based on N-decyl- N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride which differs only by a single substituent on a quaternary N- atom. The antifungal activity of IL was tested on Fusarium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Trichoderma and Penicillium strains using the microdilution method by determining the minimal inhibitory and minimal fungicidal concentrations. Selected genera are major problem in food industry since they are the primary pathogens of agronomically important plants, as well as mycotoxin producers. All five IL used in this study showed antifungal effect in the range of 0.002 mol/dm3 to 0.036 mol/dm3. The greatest antifungal activity was observed when strains were treated with (C2OH)C10DMACI and (C2OOEt)C10DMACI IL. Results obtained in this study showed that all examined ILs have the potential to be used as effective antifungal agents

Toxicity of aqueous solutions of functionalized quaternary decylammonium chlorides

Kvarterne amonijeve soli so zaradi svoje rabe v vsakdanjem življenju razširjene, njihove lastnosti pa že dobro raziskane. V zadnjem času pa se vedno bolj poudarja njihov toksičen vpliv tako na ljudi kot druge organizme. O toksičnosti kvarternih decilamonijevih kloridov ni še veliko znanega, prav tako ne vemo kako funkcionaliziranost stranske alkilne verige na dušiku vpliva nanjo. Preučevali smo pet različno funkcionaliziranih kvarternih decilamonijevih kloridov: N-decil-N,N,N-trimetilamonijev klorid, N-(2-hidroksietil)-N-decil-N,N-dimetilamonijev klorid, N-(2-metoksietil)-N-decil-N,N-dimetilamonijev klorid, N-(2-(2-metoksietoksi)etil)-N-decil-N,N-dimetilamonijev klorid in N-(2-etoksi-2-oksoetil)-N-decil-N,N-dimetilamonijev klorid. Na primeru petih vrst plesni kot modelnih evkariontskih organizmov smo določali minimalno inhibitorno in minimalno fungicidno koncentracijo vodnih raztopin preučevanih organizmov. S teorijo gostotnega funkcionala smo izračunali porazdelitveni koeficient med n-oktanolom in vodo, ki nam služi kot mera lipofilnosti. Na koncu smo naredili še molekulsko sidranje preučevanih spojin na sedmih različnih encimih, ki so pomembni za delovanje modelnih organizmov.Quaternary ammonium salts are due to their use in everyday life widespread, with their properties widely studied. Recently is more and more emphasized their toxic effect on people as well on other organisms. Not much is known about toxicity of quaternary decylammonium chlorides, additionally we do not know how functionalization of a side alkyl chain on nitrogen affects it. We studied five differently functionalized quaternary decylammonium chlorides: N-decyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-decyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride, N-(2-metoxyethyl)-N-decyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride, N-(2-(2-metoxyethoxy)ethyl)-N-decyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride in N-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-N-decyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride. In the case of five different species of mould as our model eukaryotic organism we have determined minimal inhibition and minimal fungicide concentration of aqueous solutions. With density functional theory we calculated n-octanol-water partition coefficient, which served us as a measure of lipophilicity. At the end we performed molecular docking of studied compounds on seven different enzymes that are important for activity of model organisms