The Influence of Magnetic Properties and Electronic Structure of Molecules on Motor Fuel Operating Characteristics by Example of n-Alkanes

Abstract: The influence of magnetic properties and electronic structure of hydrocarbons on such operational properties of motor petrol as octane numbers, defined by motor and research methods, saturation vapor pressure, flash temperature, is shown by the single-factor analysis of correlations by the example of n-alkanes С 1 -С 10 . It is shown, that detonation phenomenon in internal-combustion engine, probably, have a critical state nature. Magnetic properties of hydrocarbons are connected with their electronic structure. First ionization potential, assignable by photoelectron spectroscopy, may be recommended as information parameter for the calculation of petrol operating characteristics. Studying of electronic structure of substances is promoting the creation of products with given physical-chemical properties and operating characteristics

Development of a Technique and Investigation of Capacitance Characteristics of Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes are widely employed as catalyst supports and electrode materials. In our earlier studies, capacitance characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) were measured. Voltammetric curves obtained for nitrogen-doped nanotubes in an acid electrolyte showed pseudocapacitance peaks that were caused by electrochemical processes involving nitrogen-containing functional groups. In this study, measurements were made in a two-electrode cell of a supercapacitor with a hydrophilic polypropylene PORP-A1 film serving as a separator in alkaline (6 M KOH solution) and acid (1 M H2SO4 solution) electrolytes using a PARSTAT 4000 potentiostat/galvanostat. A technique was developed to estimate the contribution of electrical double layer (EDL) by subtracting pseudocapacitance from total capacitance of a cell using the Origin 9 software. The contribution of EDL and pseudocapacitance to the capacitance of supercapacitor cells was estimated. The highest capacitance of an electrode material equal to 97.2 F/g (including the EDL capacitance of 65 F/g) was reached for nanotubes doped with 8.5% of nitrogen in an acid electrolyte at a potential scanning rate of 10 mV/s

Development of Fe-based Catalysts for Purification of Coke Oven Gases

Fe-based catalysts of different geometry are developed for the purification of coke oven gases: bulk, supported on alumina and supported on alumina silicate monoliths. Adsorption and decomposition of H2S on the catalysts developed are studied. Influence of active component content, type of support material and modification by Mn and Mo on the catalyst activity in de-H2S process is elucidated. Supported monolith catalysts show superior activity over bulk and supported spherical catalysts in H2S decomposition reaction and demonstrate stable operation in ammonia decomposition process during 2 hours at 900 °C giving 100% ammonia conversion

Highly Dispersed Palladium on Carbon Nanofibers for Hydrogenation of Nitrocompounds to Amines

The effect of palladium dispersion and nature of the support on catalytic performance in hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline was studied. It was shown that the type of the support and modification of palladium with phosphorus make it possible to stabilize highly dispersed (1.5-2 nm) palladium particles in the metallic state, thus increasing the efficiency of new catalysts

Nicotinamide Riboside for the Prevention and Treatment of Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy. Opportunities and Prospects

Despite the progress in the development of new anticancer strategies, cancer is rapidly spreading around the world and remains one of the most common diseases. For more than 40 years, doxorubicin has been widely used in the treatment of solid and hematological tumors. At the same time, the problem of its cardiotoxicity remains unresolved, despite the high efficiency of this drug. Symptomatic therapy is used as a treatment for side-effects of doxorubicin or pathological conditions that have already appeared in their background. To date, there are no treatment methods for doxorubicin cardiomyopathy as such. A drug such as nicotinamide riboside can play an important role in solving this problem. Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine nucleoside similar to vitamin B3 that acts as a precursor to NAD+. There is no published research on nicotinamide riboside effects on cardiomyopathy, despite the abundance of works devoted to the mechanisms of its effects in various pathologies. The review analyzes information about the effects of nicotinamide riboside on various experimental models of pathologies, its role in the synthesis of NAD+, and also considers the possibility and prospects of its use for the prevention of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy

The Role of NAD+, SIRTs Interactions in Stimulating and Counteracting Carcinogenesis

The World Health Organization has identified oncological diseases as one of the most serious health concerns of the current century. Current research on oncogenesis is focused on the molecular mechanisms of energy-biochemical reprogramming in cancer cell metabolism, including processes contributing to the Warburg effect and the pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic roles of sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). However, a clear understanding of the interaction between NAD+, SIRTs in cancer development, as well as their effects on carcinogenesis, has not been established, and literature data vary greatly. This work aims to provide a summary and structure of the available information on NAD+, SIRTs interactions in both stimulating and countering carcinogenesis, and to discuss potential approaches for pharmacological modulation of these interactions to achieve an anticancer effect

Training method for teaching foreign language vocabulary for special purposes using multimedia

В настоящей работе тренинг рассматривается как метод обучения лексике иностранного языка для специальных целей с использованием мультимедийных средств. Для достижения цели работы – теоретическое обоснование, разработка и опытная проверка эффективности метода тренинга, как способа обучению лексике иностранного языка для специальных целей с использованием мультимедийных средств – были выполнены следующие задачи: проведен сравнительный анализ традиционного метода обучения и метода тренинга на основе исследования научно-методической литературы, были рассмотрены понятие, функции, структура и приемы тренинга; описаны особенности использования тренинга в обучении иностранным языкам; описана технология подготовки и проведения тренингов, направленных на изучение лексики иностранного языка для специальных целей с использованием мультимедийных средств; проведен анализ и апробацию учебного процесса, отвечающего требованиям метода тренинга; проверена эффективность разработанной методики для обучения лексике иностранного языка в ходе опытно-поисковой работы. Магистерская диссертация по теме «Метод тренинга для обучения лексике иностранного языка для специальных целей с использованием мультимедийных средств» содержит 80 страниц текстового документа, 10 рисунков, 70 использованных источников. В первой главе была рассмотрена роль мультимедийных средств в образовательном процессе, основные подходы и принципы обучения иностранному языку с использованием информационно-коммуникационных технологий и тренинг как метод обучения. Во второй главе описана организация, апробация и сделан анализ практической работы по проведению тренинга для обучения лексике иностранного языка для специальных целей с использованием мультимедийных средств. В заключении был сделан вывод об эффективности данного метода.In this work, training is considered as a method of teaching foreign language vocabulary for special purposes using multimedia. To achieve the goal of the work – theoretical justification, development and experimental verification of the effectiveness of the training method, as a way of teaching foreign language vocabulary for special purposes using multimedia – the following tasks were completed: a comparative analysis of the traditional teaching method and the training method based on the research of scientific and methodological literature was carried out, the concept, functions, structure and methods of training were considered; the features of raining usage in teaching foreign languages are described; the technology of preparing and conducting trainings aimed at studying the vocabulary of a foreign language for special purposes using multimedia is described; the analysis and approbation of the educational process that meets the requirements of the training method was carried out; the effectiveness of the developed methodology for teaching foreign language vocabulary in the course of experimental search work was tested. Master's thesis on the topic "Method of training for teaching foreign language vocabulary for special purposes using multimedia" contains 80 pages of a text document, 10 pictures, 70 used sources. The first chapter examined the role of multimedia in the educational process, the main approaches and principles of teaching a foreign language using information and communication technologies and training as a teaching method. The second chapter describes the organization, approbation and analysis of practical work on conducting training for teaching foreign language vocabulary for special purposes using multimedia. To sum up, it was concluded that this method is effective

Molecular mechanisms of endothelial remodeling under doxorubicin treatment

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective antineoplastic agent used to treat various types of cancers. However, its use is limited by the development of cardiotoxicity, which may result in heart failure. The exact mechanisms underlying DOX-induced cardiotoxicity are not fully understood, but recent studies have shown that endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and endothelial damage play a crucial role in this process. EndMT is a biological process in which endothelial cells lose their characteristics and transform into mesenchymal cells, which have a fibroblast-like phenotype. This process has been shown to contribute to tissue fibrosis and remodeling in various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has been demonstrated to increase the expression of EndMT markers, suggesting that EndMT may play a critical role in the development of this condition. Furthermore, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity has been shown to cause endothelial damage, leading to the disruption of the endothelial barrier function and increased vascular permeability. This can result in the leakage of plasma proteins, leading to tissue edema and inflammation. Moreover, DOX can impair the production of nitric oxide, endothelin-1, neuregulin, thrombomodulin, thromboxane B2 etc. by endothelial cells, leading to vasoconstriction, thrombosis and further impairing cardiac function. In this regard, this review is devoted to the generalization and structuring of information about the known molecular mechanisms of endothelial remodeling under the action of DOX