7 research outputs found

    Π“ΠΠžΠ’ΠžΠ‘Π˜ΠžΠ›ΠžΠ“Π˜Π― Π’ Π‘ΠžΠ’Π Π•ΠœΠ•ΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠœΠ•Π”Π˜ΠšΠž-Π‘Π˜ΠžΠ›ΠžΠ“Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π₯ Π˜Π‘Π‘Π›Π•Π”ΠžΠ’ΠΠΠ˜Π―Π₯

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    An overview of the present status and prospects of gnotobiology along with a role of normal microflora studied using laboratory animals with controlled microflora (gnotobiotes) is presented. The principal elements of gnotobiotechnology as well as possibilities of its using in both experimental and clinical investigations are analyzed. A multifaceted role of normal microflora in the host physiology and pathology prejudge the increasing importance of gnotiological models in various fields of biology and medicine, such as the development of new generations probiotics. An assessment and characteristics of selected microbial strains, host-microbe interactions etc. An organization of further complex gnotobiotic research is of prospective value.Β Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ освСщСно соврСмСнноС состояниС ΠΈ пСрспСктивы Π³Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ исслСдований Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π½Π° основС экспСримСнтов с Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ (Π³Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ). РассмотрСны основныС элСмСнты гнотобиологичСской Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ возмоТности Π΅Π΅ использования Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ клиничСских исслСдованиях. Показана многогранная Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π»ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π² физиологичСских рСакциях ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ гнотобиологичСских ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… областях ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π² частности, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ характСристикС Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ… взаимодСйствия с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ прСдставитСлями ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Π° организация комплСксных гнотобиологичСских исслСдований.

    Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ транслокация ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°: микробиологичСскиС, иммунологичСскиС ΠΈ патофизиологичСскиС аспСкты

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    Bacterial translocation (BT) is both pathology and physiology phenomenon. In healthy newborns it accompanies the process of establishing the autochthonous intestinal microbiota and the host microbiome. In immunodeficiency it can be an aethio-pathogenetic link and a manifestation of infection or septic complications. The host colonization resistance to exogenous microbic colonizers is provided by gastrointestinal microbiota in concert with complex constitutional and adaptive defense mechanisms. BT may be result of barrier dysfunction and self-purification mechanisms involving the host myeloid cell phagocytic system and opsonins. Dynamic cell humoral response to microbial molecular patterns that occurs on the mucous membranes initiates receptor signaling pathways and cascade of reactions. Their vector and results are largely determined by cross-reactivity between microbiome and the host genome. Enterocyte barriers interacting with microbiota play leading role in providing adaptive, homeostatic and stress host reactivity. Microcirculatory ischemic tissue alterations and inflammatory reactions increase the intestinal barrier permeability and BT. These processes a well as mechanisms for apoptotic cells and bacteria clearance are justified to be of prospective research interest. The inflammatory and related diseases caused by alteration and dysfunction of the intestinal barrier are reasonably considered as diseases of single origin. Maternal microbiota affects the formation of the innate immune system and the microbiota of the newborn, including intestinal commensal translocation during lactation. Deeper understanding of intestinal barrier mechanisms needs complex microbiological, immunological, pathophysiological, etc. investigations using adequate biomodels, including gnotobiotic animals.Π‘Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ транслокация (Π‘Π’) ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° прСдставляСт патологичСскоС ΠΈ физиологичСскоС явлСниС. Π‘Π’ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² процСссС установлСния Π°ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡ…Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ° хозяина ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ взаимодСйствии с коммСнсалами, сопровоТдая СстСствСнный ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·, ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ…), прСдставляя этиопатогСнСтичСскоС Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ процСсса ΠΈ сСптичСских ослоТнСний. Π­Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ взаимодСйствия хозяина ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ направлСнности, обусловлСны ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ свойствами ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ противостоящими ΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΎ-Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ хозяина. ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ хозяина, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ с экзогСнной ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ, обСспСчиваСтся комплСксом ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² с Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ участиСм коммСнсальной ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹. Π‘T Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ дисфунции Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² контролируСтся ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ самоочищСния с Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ„Π°Π³ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы ΠΈ опсонинов. Π’ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π½Π° слизистых ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-Π³ΡƒΠΌΠΎΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ рСакция Π½Π° молСкулярныС ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ каскадныС Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ пСрСкрСстным взаимодСйствиСм Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ° хозяина. РассмотрСна ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° энтСроцитарных Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… с ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ (симбионты ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ‹), Π² обСспСчСнии Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-гомСостатичСской рСактивности хозяина. ΠžΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ исслСдования микроциркуляторного Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΈΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ воспалСния, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈ Π‘Π’, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² очищСния ΠΎΡ‚ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ апоптотичСских ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ. Π’ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ заболСвания, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΡΠΌΡƒΡŽ связанныС с Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, обоснованно ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ болСзнями ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Ρ€Π°. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π° влияСт Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π‘Π’ ΠΊΠΈΡˆΠ΅Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… коммСнсалов с Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ комплСксныС микробиологичСскиС, иммунологичСскиС, патофизиологичСскиС ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ исслСдования с использованиСм Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π³Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²

    New Trichoderma harzianum Rifai F-180 - L-lysine-Ξ±-oxidase antitumor enzyme producer - culture liquid-based substance biotechnology

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    The biosynthesis of L-lysine-Ξ±-oxidase from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai F-180, an antitumor enzyme producer, was carried out on a wheat bran medium. Hydrophilic bases of lightly crosslinked acrylic polymers and methylcellulose derivatives were selected, and model samples were prepared with a 1% concentration of the culture liquid of the fungus. The wound healing activity of the obtained gel samples was investigated on an experimental model of guinea pig wounds. The results of experimental studies showed a high wound healing activity of the gel with a 1% concentration of the culture liquid of the fungus and can serve as a basis for further preclinical trials of this dosage form of wound healing action. Β© 2020 EManuscript Technologies. All rights reserved

    Monoassociation with Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 stimulates the immune defense mechanisms of germfree mice

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    Probiotics are formulations containing live microorganisms or microbial stimulants that have some beneficial influence on the maintenance of a balanced intestinal microbiota and on the resistance to infections. The search for probiotics to be used in prevention or treatment of enteric infections, as an alternative to antibiotic therapy, has gained significant impulse in the last few years. Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria in controlling infection by intestinal pathogens and in boosting the host's nonspecific immune response. Here, we studied the use of Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20, a lactic acid bacterium isolated from a human newborn from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as a probiotic. A suspension containing 108 cells of Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 was inoculated into groups of at least five conventional and germfree Swiss mice to determine its capacity to stimulate the host mononuclear phagocytic activity. We demonstrate that this strain can survive the stressing conditions of the intestinal tract in vivo. Moreover, the monoassociation of germfree mice with this strain for seven days improved the host's macrophage phagocytic capacity, as demonstrated by the clearance of a Gram-negative bacterium inoculated intravenously. Monoassociated mice showed an undetectable number of circulating E. coli, while 0.1% of the original inoculum was still present in germfree animals. Mice treated with viable or heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus UFV-H2b20 presented similarly improved clearance capacity when compared with germfree controls. In addition, monoassociated mice had twice the amount of Kupffer cells, which are responsible for the clearance of circulating bacteria, compared to germfree controls. These results suggest that the L. acidophilus strain used here stimulates a nonspecific immune response and is a strong candidate to be used as a probiotic
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