Sociolinguistic Bases of Gender Aspect

The sociolinguistics studies a wide complex of the problems connected with the social nature of language and its functions in society. Social roles of the man and the woman are dictated by existing sociocultural norms, representations about "typically man's" and "typically female" are relative. The article deals with gender stereotypes and their representation in German literature

Sociolinguistic Bases of Gender Aspect

The sociolinguistics studies a wide complex of the problems connected with the social nature of language and its functions in society. Social roles of the man and the woman are dictated by existing sociocultural norms, representations about "typically man's" and "typically female" are relative. The article deals with gender stereotypes and their representation in German literature

FORMATION OF COGNITIVE INTEREST AT ENGLISH LANGUAGE LESSONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL: TECHNOLOGIES, METHODS, TECHNIQUES

There are a lot of didactic and technological methods and techniques that shape and develop cognitive interest of primary school students in modern methodology of teaching foreign languages. The use of various forms of gaming interaction, problem assignments, information and communication technologies in the teaching of primary school students allows diversifying the teaching of a foreign language, contributes to the development of their creative and cognitive activity. The use of health-saving technologies ensures the creation of a psychologically and emotionally supportive atmosphere at the lesson, which is an essential condition for acquiring new knowledge and maintaining stable cognitive interest among students while learning a foreign language

Chemotherapy with or without avelumab followed by avelumab maintenance versus chemotherapy alone in patients with previously untreated epithelial ovarian cancer (JAVELIN Ovarian 100): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

BACKGROUND: Although most patients with epithelial ovarian cancer respond to frontline platinum-based chemotherapy, around 70% will relapse within 3 years. The phase 3 JAVELIN Ovarian 100 trial compared avelumab (anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody) in combination with chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance, or chemotherapy followed by avelumab maintenance, versus chemotherapy alone in patients with treatment-naive epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: JAVELIN Ovarian 100 was a global, open-label, three-arm, parallel, randomised, phase 3 trial run at 159 hospitals and cancer treatment centres in 25 countries. Eligible women were aged 18 years and older with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer (following debulking surgery, or candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy), and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) via interactive response technology to receive chemotherapy (six cycles; carboplatin dosed at an area under the serum-concentration-time curve of 5 or 6 intravenously every 3 weeks plus paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks or 80 mg/m2 once a week [investigators' choice]) followed by avelumab maintenance (10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks; avelumab maintenance group); chemotherapy plus avelumab (10 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks) followed by avelumab maintenance (avelumab combination group); or chemotherapy followed by observation (control group). Randomisation was in permuted blocks of size six and stratified by paclitaxel regimen and resection status. Patients and investigators were masked to assignment to the two chemotherapy groups without avelumab at the time of randomisation until completion of the chemotherapy phase. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival assessed by blinded independent central review in all randomly assigned patients (analysed by intention to treat). Safety was analysed in all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02718417. The trial was fully enrolled and terminated at interim analysis due to futility, and efficacy is no longer being assessed. FINDINGS: Between May 19, 2016 and Jan 23, 2018, 998 patients were randomly assigned (avelumab maintenance n=332, avelumab combination n=331, and control n=335). At the planned interim analysis (data cutoff Sept 7, 2018), prespecified futility boundaries were crossed for the progression-free survival analysis, and the trial was stopped as recommended by the independent data monitoring committee and endorsed by the protocol steering committee. Median follow-up for progression-free survival for all patients was 10·8 months (IQR 7·1-14·9); 11·1 months (7·0-15·3) for the avelumab maintenance group, 11·0 months (7·4-14·5) for the avelumab combination group, and 10·2 months (6·7-14·0) for the control group. Median progression-free survival was 16·8 months (95% CI 13·5-not estimable [NE]) with avelumab maintenance, 18·1 months (14·8-NE) with avelumab combination treatment, and NE (18·2 months-NE) with control treatment. The stratified hazard ratio for progression-free survival was 1·43 (95% CI 1·05-1·95; one-sided p=0·99) with the avelumab maintenance regimen and 1·14 (0·83-1·56; one-sided p=0·79) with the avelumab combination regimen, versus control treatment. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were anaemia (69 [21%] patients in the avelumab maintenance group, 63 [19%] in the avelumab combination group, and 53 [16%] in the control group), neutropenia (91 [28%], 99 [30%], and 88 [26%]), and neutrophil count decrease (49 [15%], 45 [14%], and 59 [18%]). Serious adverse events of any grade occurred in 92 (28%) patients in the avelumab maintenance group, 118 (36%) in the avelumab combination group, and 64 (19%) in the control group. Treatment-related deaths occurred in one (<1%) patient in the avelumab maintenance group (due to atrial fibrillation) and one (<1%) patient in the avelumab combination group (due to disease progression). INTERPRETATION: Although no new safety signals were observed, results do not support the use of avelumab in the frontline treatment setting. Alternative treatment regimens are needed to improve outcomes in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. FUNDING: Pfizer and Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Early echocardiographic alterations in cancer patients during chemotherapy

Aim. To evaluate the early manifestation of cardiotoxicity after the first course of multiagent chemotherapy (MAC) using echocardiography with an assessment of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS).Material and methods. The study included 49 cancer patients with elective MAC.Results. After the first administration of a therapeutic dose of chemotherapy, a decrease in LVEF ≥10 and GLS &gt;15 was demonstrated in more than 6,1% of patients, as well as a subclinical decrease in LVEF ≥5% in 22,4% and a decrease in GLS ≥12% in 24,5%.Conclusion. In cancer patients, after the first course of chemotherapy, GLS dynamics should be assessed during echocardiography as a marker of myocardial dysfunction

Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for treatment in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: One-year comparative research

This study to assess the shot-term efficacy and safety of chronic bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). 54 consecutive patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease treated with bilateral stimulation of the STN were studied. Parkinsonian status was assessed preoperatively and at 1 years postoperatively using the UPDRS scale in on and off-medication conditions. At 1 years follow-up, STN stimulation reduced the UPDRS motor score by 52,3 % compared to baseline in the OFF-medication conditions. Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural stability and gait (PIGD) improved by 63,9 %, 53,9 %, 46,8 %, 48,4%, respectively. UPDRS part II scores were reduced by 50,78 %. The overall dopaminergic drugs dose was reduced by 64,6 % after surgery. Our data demonstrate that: bilateral STN stimulation is relatively safe, improves the motor symptoms and drug-related motor complications of PD, and reduces the daily dosage of medication.Данное исследование посвящено оценке эффективности электростимуляции (ЭС) субталамического ядра (STN) на развернутой стадиях болезни Паркинсона (БП). Обследовано 54 пациента с идиопатинеской БП, которым была проведена ЭС STN. Состояние пациентов оценивалось через год с помощью шкалы UPDRS в ON- и OFF-периоде. ЭС STN уменьшила тяжесть двигательных нарушений по шкале UPDRS III на 52,3% по сравнению с дооперационным уровнем. Тремор, ригидность, брадикинезия, постуральные нарушения уменьшились на 63,9 %, 53,9 %, 46,8 %, 48,4% соответственно. Повседневная активность (UPDRS II) улучшилась в OFF-периоде на 50,78 %. Эквивалентная доза леводопы была уменьшена на 64,6 %. Данное исследование продемонстрировало улучшение двигательных симптомов, уменьшение выраженности осложнений фармакотерапии, а также дозы леводопы

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ УСЛОВИЙ СИНТЕЗА КОМПОЗИТОВ ЦИРКОНАТА-ТИТАНАТА СВИНЦА БАРИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ АТОМЫ МЕТАЛЛОВ, И ИХ ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА

Composition materials on the base of Pb0,75Ba0,15Zr0,53Ti0,47O3 (PBZT) with micro-inclusions of Cu and Ni are prepared by a complex ceramic technology. This technology includes metallization procedures by means of the chemical deposition method from standard solutions of nickel and copper. At determination of correlation of the structure of PBZT composites and their dielectric properties it was shown that dielectric losses increase with decreasing temperature. This is caused by the domination of the real part of the complex dielectric permittivity.C помощью комплексной керамической технологии, включающей процедуры металлизации методом химического осаждения из стандартных растворов никеля и меди, подготовлены композиционные материалы на основе соединения Pb0,75Ba0,15Zr0,53Ti0,47O3 (ЦТБС) с микро-включениями Cu и Ni. При установлении корреляций между структурой композитов ЦТБС и их диэлектрическими характеристиками показано, что при низких частотах диэлектрические потери возрастают с увеличением температуры, что обусловлено доминированием действительной части комплексной диэлектрической проницаемости

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СМЫСЛОВАЯ НАГРУЗКА ЭПИТЕТОВ В РАССКАЗАХ ДЖЕКА ЛОНДОНА

One of the important tasks of stylistics at the present stage is to study the linguistic nature and functions of individual stylistic devices in various styles of literary language. Many authors have devoted their research work to the epithet however the study of it is not yet complete. Imagery, informational content, and not enough knowledge of the epithet prove the practicability to continue the study of this stylistic device.Одной из важных задач лингвостилистики на современном этапе является изучение природы и функций отдельных стилистических приемов в различных стилях литературного языка. Целый ряд авторов посвятили свои работы исследованию эпитета, тем не менее, изучение эпитета нельзя считать исчерпывающим. Образность, информативность и не достаточная изученность эпитета доказывают целесообразность продолжения исследования этого стилистического приема